Loudness recalibration as a function of recalibration and comparison tone level

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 3170-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mapes-Riordan ◽  
William A. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Loudness Recalibration ◽  
Tone Level

Pitch related to spectral edges of broadband signals

1992 ◽  
Vol 336 (1278) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Harmonic Signals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Hearing System

A complex tone often evokes a pitch sensation associated with its extreme spectral components, besides the holistic pitch associated with its fundamental frequency. We studied the edge pitch created at the upper spectral edge of complexes with a low-pass spectrum by asking subjects to adjust the frequency of a sinusoidal comparison tone to the perceived pitch. Measurements were performed for different values of the fundamental frequency and of the upper frequency of the complex as well as for three different phase relations of the harmonic components. For a wide range of these parameters the subjects could adjust the comparison tone with a high accuracy, measured as the standard deviation of repeated adjustments, to a frequency close to the nominal edge frequency. The detailed dependence of the matching accuracy on temporal parameters of the harmonic complexes suggests that the perception of the edge pitch in harmonic signals is related to the temporal resolution of the hearing system. This resolution depends primarily on the time constants of basilar-membrane filters and on additional limitations due to neuronal processes.

scholarly journals “Bold and Ragged”: A Cross-Cultural Case for the Aesthetics of Melodic Angularity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 205920432094906
Author(s):  
Aaron Carter-Ényì ◽  
Quintina Carter-Ényì
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Musical Aesthetics ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
Interval Size ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Tone Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

Smaller corpora and individual pieces are compared to a large corpus of 2,447 hymns using two measures of melodic angularity: mean interval size and pivot frequency. European art music and West African melodies may exhibit extreme angularity. We argue in the latter that angularity is motivated by linguistic features of tone-level languages. We also found the mean interval sizes of African-American Spirituals and Southern Harmony exceed contemporary hymnody of the 19th century, with levels similar to Nigerian traditional music (Yorùbá oríkì and story songs from eastern Nigeria). This is consistent with the account of W. E. B. Du Bois, who argued that African melody was a primary source for the development of American music. The development of the American spiritual coincides with increasing interval size in 19th-century American hymnody at large, surpassing the same measure applied to earlier European hymns. Based on these findings, we recommend techniques of melodic construction taught by music theorists, especially preference rules for step-wise motion and gap-fill after leaps, be tempered with counterexamples that reflect broader musical aesthetics. This may be achieved by introducing popular music, African and African Diaspora music, and other non-Western music that may or may not be consistent with voice leading principles. There are also many examples from the European canon that are highly angular, like Händel’s “Hallelujah” and Schönberg’s Pierrot Lunaire. Although the tendency of textbooks is to reinforce melodic and part-writing prescriptions with conducive examples from the literature, new perspectives will better equip performers and educators for current music practice.

Loudness recalibration and complex tones

1999 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 1389-1389
Author(s):  
Dan Mapes-Riordan ◽  
William A. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Complex Tones ◽  
Loudness Recalibration

Variability in Matches to Subjective Tinnitus

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus

For patients with noise-induce sensorineural hearing loss, the results of matching a binaurally presented comparison tone to subjective tinnitus during a 20-days test period are reported. As a control, results of matching an external comparison tom, to a standard tone. are also presented. The variability for tinnitus measurements was extremely large relative to comparable measures for a objective stimuli The relevance of this finding to the nature of tinnitus and to the construction of tinnitus maskers is discussed.

Dentin Optical Density in Molars Subjected to Partial Carious Dentin Removal

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Léda ◽  
T D Azevedo ◽  
P A Pimentel ◽  
OA de Toledo ◽  
A C Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
Gray Tone ◽  
Tone Level ◽  
Removal Technique

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the optical density of dentin in primary molars with deep caries three to six months after they were subjected to partial carious dentin removal. Study design: This was a blind controlled, clinical therapy study. Standardized digitalized bitewing radiographs of 42 teeth were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop® to quantitatively determine the gray scale of the affected dentin beneath the restoration, in comparison with healthy dentin. A mixed-effects model was used for statistical analysis. The gray tone level was considered a dependent variable; the tooth region and the time, in addition to the interaction between them, were the independent variables. Values of p < 0.05 were significant. Results: During the interval between time zero and three months, the gray tone levels of affected dentin varied from 80.99 ± 3.17 to 98.57 ± 3.17; i.e., an estimated increase of 18 (p < 0.0001). The values for healthy dentin ranged from 118.22 ± 3.17 to 122.02 ± 3.17; i.e., a mean increase of four in the gray tone levels (p = 0.0003). During the interval between three and six months, both healthy and affected dentin showed similar behavior (98.57 ± 3.17 to 103.32 ± 3.20 and 122.02 ± 3.7 to 126.56 ± 3.20, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Significant increments were observed in the optical density of the affected dentin after three months compared to that of healthy dentin in primary molars treated using the partial carious dentin removal technique.

Temporal properties of loudness recalibration

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 3020-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Mapes‐Riordan ◽  
William A. Yost
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Loudness Recalibration
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