Acoustic interactions of the voice source with the lower vocal tract

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 2234-2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo R. Titze ◽  
Brad H. Story
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
The Voice

The Singing Voice

2018 ◽  
pp. 116-142
Author(s):  
Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
The Voice

The sound quality of singing is determined by three basic factors—the air pressure under the vocal folds (or the subglottal pressure), the mechanical properties of the vocal folds, and the resonance properties of the vocal tract. Subglottal pressure is controlled by the respiratory apparatus. It regulates vocal loudness and is varied with pitch in singing. Together with the mechanical properties of the folds, which are controlled by laryngeal muscles, it has a decisive influence on vocal fold vibrationswhich convert the tracheal airstream to a pulsating airflow, the voice source. The voice source determines pitch, vibrato, and register, and also the overall slope of the spectrum. The sound of the voice source is filtered by the resonances of the vocal tract, or the formants, of which the two lowest determine the vowel quality and the higher ones the personal voice quality. Timing is crucial for creating emotional expressivity; it uses an acoustic code that shows striking similarities to that used in speech. The perceived loudness of a vowel sound seems more closely related to the subglottal pressure with which it was produced than with the acoustical sound level. Some investigations of acoustical correlates of tone placement and variation of larynx height are described, as are properties that affect the perceived naturalness of synthesized singing. Finally, subglottal pressure, voice source, and formant-frequency characteristics of some non-classical styles of singing are discussed.

scholarly journals Monitoring Cognitive Workload Using Vocal Tract and Voice Source Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eydis Huld Magnusdottir ◽  
Michal Borsky ◽  
Manuela Meier ◽  
Kamilla Johannsdottir ◽  
Jon Gudnason
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Stroop Tasks

Monitoring cognitive workload from speech signals has received much attention from researchers in the past few years as it has the potential to improve performance and fidelity in human decision making. The bulk of the research has focused on classifying speech from talkers participating in cognitive workload experiments using simple reading tasks, memory span tests and the Stroop test, typically into three levels of low, medium and high cognitive workload. This study focuses on using parameters extracted from the vocal tract and the voice source components of the speech signal for cognitive workload monitoring. The experiment used in this study contains 98 participants, the levels were obtained by using a reading task and three Stroop tasks which were randomly ordered for each participant and an adequate rest time was used inbetween tasks to mitigate the effect of cognitive workload from one task affecting the subsequent one. Vocal tract features were obtained from the first three formants and voice source features were extracted using signal analysis on the inverse filtered speech signal. The results show that on their own, the vocal tract features outperform the voice source features. The MCR of 33.92% ± 1.05 was achieved with a SVM classifier. A weighted combination of vocal tract and voice source features classified with SWM classifier fused at the output level achieved the lowest MCR of  32.5%.

Physiology and its Impact on the Performance of Singing

2015 ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Filipa M. B. Lã ◽  
Brian P. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Vocal Technique ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Source Signal ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Singing Performance

Singing performance is highly competitive; thus, finding strategies to accelerate the acquisition of knowledge that results in an efficient and effective vocal technique is of the utmost importance. There are many ways in which a singer may acquire an efficient and effective vocal technique, which can be based on the physiological processes of voice production. This chapter explores these processes within the context of singing performance. The authors examine three major aspects of singing: 1) efficient control of breathing, such that optimal airflow and subglottal pressure are available as needed, for a given frequency and intensity; 2) maximized laryngeal coordination, so that the voice source signal contains all the necessary frequency components for the desired tone; and 3) the modulation of the source signal by subtle shaping of the vocal tract. The advantages and disadvantages of various pedagogical methods are discussed, including breath management, known as appoggio, and different resonant strategies. The authors advocate for a scientifically-grounded teaching method, which allows for physiological differences between individuals, genders, and voice classifications.

Estimating the voice source in noise

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yen-Liang Shue ◽  
Jody Kreiman ◽  
Abeer Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Voice Source ◽  
The Voice

Structure and Function of the Singing Voice

2015 ◽  
pp. 2-30
Author(s):  
Gillyanne Kayes
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Structural Aspects

Key structural aspects of the vocal mechanism and the physiology of vocal function are presented and discussed in relation to the singing voice. Details of anatomical structure and physiological function are given for the regions of the vocal tract and respiratory system under the broad headings of respiration, phonation (the larynx), and resonation. Use of voice in singing is examined in terms of breath use, control of pitch, and loudness, and shaping of resonance for change of timbre. Key developmental stages during the lifecycle are given, including infancy, childhood, voice mutation in adolescence, and the impact of hormonal change on the voice. Differences between the genders in adulthood are discussed in the light of current research knowledge of voice.

Vortex shedding and the voice source

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3121-3121
Author(s):  
Michael S. Howe ◽  
Richard S. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
The Voice
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