Effects of carrier frequency, modulation rate, and modulation waveform on the detection of modulation and the discrimination of modulation type (amplitude modulation versus frequency modulation)

1995 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 2468-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. J. Moore ◽  
Aleksander Sek
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
Modulation Type ◽  
Modulation Rate

A study of distress calls of song, swamp, and white-throated sparrows (Aves: Fringillidae). II. Interspecific responses and properties used in recognition

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Stefanski ◽  
J. Bruce Falls
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Distress Calls ◽  
Modulation Rate ◽  
Similar Peak

Recorded distress calls of each species were played to territorial males of the other two, in successive stages of the breeding cycle. Responses were like those given to intraspecific calls and showed a similar peak of intensity in the late nestling and fledgling stage.Song and swamp sparrows (Melospiza spp.) responded strongly to each other's calls, which are alike in length, carrier frequency, and frequency range and overlap broadly in rate of frequency modulation. However, responses were generally weak between Melospiza spp. and the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia), whose calls differ in these properties.Song and swamp sparrows responded strongly to artificial sounds that simulated their natural distress calls, but white-throated sparrows responded weakly to sounds that resembled their natural calls in some but not all properties.Song sparrows were exposed to artificial sounds that were varied in length, carrier frequency, and frequency modulation rate. With respect to each property, they responded strongly if the value fell within the range found in natural calls, but weakly if it fell outside this range. Evidently, all three properties are used in call recognition.We conclude that interspecific responses among these sympatric species resulted from similarities in their distress calls. Possible advantages of this behavior are discussed.

Residual amplitude modulation suppression to 6x10-7 in frequency modulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xinqian guo ◽  
Linbo Zhang ◽  
jun liu ◽  
long chen ◽  
le fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Residual Amplitude Modulation

The Response of Nonlinear Systems to Modulated High-Frequency Input

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nayfeh ◽  
A. H. Nayfeh
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Systems ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Carrier Frequency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Resonant Excitation ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We study the response of a single-degree-of-freedom system with cubic nonlinearities to an amplitude-modulated excitation whose carrier frequency is much higher than the natural frequency of the system. The only restriction on the amplitude modulation is that it contain frequencies much lower than the carrier frequency of the excitation. We apply the theory to different types of amplitude modulation and find that resonant excitation of the system may occur under some conditions.

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