Direct determination of stacking velocities in three‐dimensional seismic prospecting

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Milos J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Seismic Prospecting

Submicrometre-resolution polychromatic three-dimensional X-ray microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Larson ◽  
L. E. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Sn Whisker ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elastic Strain Tensor

The ability to study the structure, microstructure and evolution of materials with increasing spatial resolution is fundamental to achieving a full understanding of the underlying science of materials. Polychromatic three-dimensional X-ray microscopy (3DXM) is a recently developed nondestructive diffraction technique that enables crystallographic phase identification, determination of local crystal orientations, grain morphologies, grain interface types and orientations, and in favorable cases direct determination of the deviatoric elastic strain tensor with submicrometre spatial resolution in all three dimensions. With the added capability of an energy-scanning incident beam monochromator, the determination of absolute lattice parameters is enabled, allowing specification of the complete elastic strain tensor with three-dimensional spatial resolution. The methods associated with 3DXM are described and key applications of 3DXM are discussed, including studies of deformation in single-crystal and polycrystalline metals and semiconductors, indentation deformation, thermal grain growth in polycrystalline aluminium, the metal–insulator transition in nanoplatelet VO2, interface strengths in metal–matrix composites, high-pressure science, Sn whisker growth, and electromigration processes. Finally, the outlook for future developments associated with this technique is described.

Nucleations of pressure induced phase transitions in mercury selenide

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
B. A. Lombos ◽  
H. M. Mahdaly ◽  
B. C. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Activation Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Kinetic Transition ◽  
Mercury Selenide

The resistance discontinuity technique combined with a three-dimensional heterogeneous nucleation theory permitted the direct determination of the rate of pressure induced phase transitions in mercury selenide. A direct relationship between the activation volumes and kinetic transition pressures was found which facilitated the determination of the thermodynamical transition pressure by extrapolating to zero activation volume. At low nucleation concentration, a faster rate of transition is observed.

Direct Determination of Angular Velocity Using GPS

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Ueno ◽  
Rock Santerre ◽  
Alfred Kleusberg
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Temporal Difference ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Turn Rate

Controlling a ship in a berthing operation is carried out mainly by the change of state, such as velocity and yaw rate (turn rate), although the value of the change of state is very small at berthing. Very high precision is, therefore, required to determine the velocity and angular velocity. A sensor that has an accuracy of ±0.02°/s (1 σ) is sought for determination of turn rate in a berthing system. Three-dimensional angular velocity can directly be determined, with 2 independent baselines of 3 GPS antennas, using instantaneous Doppler measurements or phase rate (temporal difference of phase) observations. This paper discusses the mathematical model for direct determination of angular velocity using GPS, and the comparison of the results of the angular velocity determination using the Doppler and phase rate. The precision of angular velocity determination is estimated using temporal difference of the attitude sensors (TSS and gyrocompass) on board a hydrographic sounding ship. The RMS values of the difference of yaw rate determination between the two systems were: ±0.16°/s using phase rate and ±0.31°/s using Doppler measurements with the separation of onboard antennas of ca. 1·34 m. 10 m baselines could satisfy the sensor requirements for angular velocity determination during berthing maneuvers.

An exhumed Jurassic meander belt from Yorkshire, England

1976 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nami
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Aerial Photograph ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Annual Discharge ◽  
Meander Migration

SummaryThree-dimensional coastal exposures of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Scalby Formation in Yorkshire, England, exhibit a complex, exhumed meander belt. The lateral accretion surfaces (epsilon-cross stratification) of individual meander loops are described. Field and aerial photograph measurements of accretion-surface dimensions have enabled direct determination of channel bankful depths and widths and meander wavelengths. Values for mean annual discharge of the channel system are derived using existing empirical equations. Palaeocurrents measured in the meander belt sandstones show a wide dispersal due to many periods of meander migration and cut off.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

The Direct Determination of I131 in Heterogeneous Fecal Specimens

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Dratz ◽  
James C. Coberly
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination
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