Contextual effects on vowel duration, closure duration, and the consonant/vowel ratio in speech production

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1949-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Luce ◽  
Jan Charles‐Luce
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Closure Duration

Acoustic and Kinematic Correlates of Heterosyllabicity in Different Phonological Contexts

2022 ◽  
pp. 002383092110657
Author(s):  
Chiara Celata ◽  
Chiara Meluzzi ◽  
Chiara Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Structure Data ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Phonological Contrast ◽  
Consonant Gemination ◽  
Production Dynamics ◽  
Kinematic Properties

We investigate the temporal and kinematic properties of consonant gemination and heterosyllabic clusters as opposed to singletons and tautosyllabic clusters in Italian. The data show that the singleton versus geminate contrast is conveyed by specific kinematic properties in addition to systematic durational differences in both the consonantal and vocalic intervals; by contrast, tautosyllabic and heterosyllabic clusters differ significantly for the duration of the consonantal interval but do not vary systematically with respect to the vocalic interval and cannot be consistently differentiated at the kinematic level. We conclude that systematic variations in acoustic vowel duration and the kinematics of tongue tip gestures represent the phonetic correlates of the segmental phonological contrast between short and long consonants, rather than of syllable structure. Data are only partly consistent with the predictions of both moraic and gesture-based models of the syllable about the effects of syllable structure on speech production dynamics and call for a more gradient view of syllabification.

Interarticulator Coordination in Dysarthria

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Weismer ◽  
Yana Yunusova ◽  
John R. Westbury
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Global Synchronization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acoustic Target ◽  
Temporal Location ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Articulatory discoordination is often said to be an important feature of the speech production disorder in dysarthria, but little experimental work has been done to identify and specify the coordination difficulties. The present study evaluated the coordination of labial and lingual gestures for /u/ production in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in control participants. Both tongue backing/raising and reduction of the area enclosed by the lips can produce the characteristic low F2 of /u/. The timing of these articulatory gestures with respect to the acoustic target of a low F2 was inferred from X-ray microbeam data. Pellet motions of the tongue dorsum and lips revealed the timing of the lingual and labial gestures to be strongly linked together (synchronized), predictive of the temporal location of the lowest F2 within the vocalic nucleus, and scaled proportionately to the overall vowel duration in control participants. Somewhat surprisingly, essentially the same findings were obtained in the speakers with dysarthria. These relationships were noisier among the speakers with dysarthria, but the global synchronization patterns applied to all 3 groups. Further analyses revealed the synchronization to be less well defined and more variable across speakers with ALS, as compared to speakers with PD and the controls. Results are discussed relative to concepts of coordination in dysarthria.

Characteristics of Speech Production after Tracheoesophageal Puncture

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Robbins ◽  
John Christensen ◽  
Gail Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Puncture ◽  
Offset Time

Voice onset time (VOT) and vowel duration characteristics of speakers following the Singer-Blom technique of tracheoesophageal puncture (1980) were compared to those of traditional esophageal and laryngeal speakers. Fifteen subjects in each of the three speaker groups produced the words /pik/, /kup/, and /kup/ in a carrier phrase while audio recordings were obtained. Broadband spectrograms were made of the consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) utterances and vowel duration and VOT were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures revealed that the tracheoesophageal speakers produced significantly shorter VOTs and longer vowel durations than the laryngeal speakers. However, the longer vowel durations for the traeheoesophageal speakers were not completely accounted for by the shorter VOTs found for that group. Spectrographic examination suggests that delayed voice offset time for the tracheoesophageal speakers also contributes to their longer vowel durations. Overall findings indicate that the physical characteristics and motor control properties of the neoglottis, even when driven by pulmonary air as in tracheoesophageal speakers, exert a major influence on alaryngeal voice production.

scholarly journals Opposing forces on acoustic duration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tucker ◽  
Michelle Sims ◽  
R. H. Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
American English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Irregular Verbs ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Redundancy Hypothesis

The present paper investigates the influence of opposing lexical forces on speech production using the duration of the stem vowel of regular and irregular verbs as attested in the Buckeye corpus of conversational North-American English. We compared two sets of predictors, reflecting two different approaches to speechproduction, one based on competition between word forms, the other based on principles of discrimination learning. Classical measures in word form competition theories such as word frequency, lexical density, and gang size (types of vocalic alternation) were predictive of stem vowel duration. However, more precise predic-tions were obtained using measures derived from a two-layer network model trained on the Buckeye corpus. Measures representing strong bottom-up support predicted longer vowel durations. Conversely, measures reflecting uncertainty predicted shorter vowel durations, including a measure of the verb’s semantic density. The learning-based model also suggests that it is not a verb’s frequency as such that gives rise to shorter vowel duration, but rather a verb’s collocational diversity. Results are discussed with reference to the Smooth Signal Redundancy Hypothesis and the Paradigmatic Signal Enhancement Hypothesis.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Conditioning of Phonetic Category Realisation in Non-Native Speech

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Waniek-Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
The U.S

The realisation of phonetic categories reflects a complex relationship between individual phonetic parameters and both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning of language usage. The present paper investigates the effect of selected socio-linguistic variables, such as the age, the amount of language use and cultural/social distance in English used by Polish immigrants to the U.S. Individual parameters used in the realisation of the category ‘voice’ have been found to vary in their sensitivity to extra-linguistic factors: while the production of target-like values of all parameters is related to the age, it is the closure duration that is most stable in the correspondence to the age and level of language proficiency. The VOT and vowel duration, on the other hand, prove to be more sensitive to the amount of language use and attitudinal factors.

What Makes Spanish-Accented English Sound Spanish-Accented? Acoustic Measures and Listener Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Accented English ◽  
Temporal Measures

This study aimed to understand which acoustic parameters of Spanish-accented English are correlated with listeners’ perception of Spanish-accentedness. Temporal differences were analyzed in multisyllabic target words spoken in sentences by 22 Spanish speakers of English and five native speakers of American English (AE). Recordings were presented to AE listeners who judged the degree of accentedness on a 9-point scale. Spearman rank order correlation showed that the listeners’ ratings of degree of accentedness in sentences correlated strongly (r= +0.82) with those in words. Listeners’ ratings of accentedness correlated in varying degrees with various temporal measures, namely Overall word durations (+0.04 to +0.56), Stressed/unstressed vowel duration ratios (–0.01 to +0.35), Voice Onset Time of stops (+0.26 to +0.36), and, closure duration (+0.29 to +0.59). Results suggest that Spanish-accented English is characterized by systematic temporal differences from native AE, and that these temporal differences contribute to the perception of accentedness. Implications of findings in improving theoretical understanding and applied practices are discussed.

Contextual effects on vowel duration

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P.H. van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Vowel Duration

Effects of duration and phonological length of the preceding/following segments on perception of the length contrast in Japanese

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Takeyasu ◽  
Mikio Giriko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Phonological Length

This chapter assesses the influence of preceding vowel duration on the perception of singleton/geminate stops in Japanese. Through a perception experiment, it is shown that the identification of consonant length (singleton/geminate) is affected by both the physical duration and the phonological length of the preceding vowel, the former being an ‘assimilative’ effect and the latter being a ‘contrastive’ effect. The physical duration and the phonological length of the following consonant affect the identification of vowel length (short/long), but the former effect is not observable when the following consonant is perceived as geminate. Results of a production experiment also demonstrate that the effects of preceding vowel duration in speech perception are parallel to the contextual variations in preceding vowel duration in speech production.

A Comparison of Temporal Measures of Speech Using Spectrograms and Digital Oscillograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Smith ◽  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Dennis Ingrisano
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Temporal Measures

To determine whether any systematic differences occur as a result of using spectrograms versus digital oscillograms to make durational measurements, a number of temporal features (e.g., voice onset time, vowel duration, and consonant closure duration) for 3 speakers were independently measured by 2 different investigators. Both experimenters measured the same intervals with conventional spectrograms and with digital oscillograms, separated by at least a 2-week interval. Oscillograms tended to reveal slightly longer vowel durations and more voicing during consonant closure, while spectrograms evidenced slightly longer consonant closure durations. In general, variations between the two types of instrumentation were no more than 8 to 10 ms and are, therefore, of primary consequence only for studies in which quite small temporal differences are critical.

Effects of Syllable Affiliation and Consonant Voicing on Temporal Adjustment in a Repetitive Speech-Production Task

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Timing Constraints ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Consonant Voicing

This paper presents the results of an acoustic speech-production experiment in which speakers repeated simple syllabic forms varying in consonantal voicing in time to a metronome that controlled repetition rate. Speakers exhibited very different patterns of tempo control for syllables with onsets than for syllables with codas. Syllables with codas exhibited internal temporal consistency, leaving junctures between the repeated syllables to take up most of the tempo variation. Open syllables with onsets, by contrast, often exhibited nearly proportional scaling of all of the acoustic portions of the signal. Results also suggest that phonemic use of vowel duration as a cue to voicing acted to constrain temporal patterns with some speakers. These results are discussed with respect to possible models of local temporal adjustment within a context of global timing constraints.

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