Envelope representations of pinna impulse responses relating to three‐dimensional localization of sound sources

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Hiranaka ◽  
Hiro Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources

scholarly journals Contribution of bone-reverberated waves to sound localization of dolphins: A numerical model

Acta Acustica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Aida Hejazi Nooghabi ◽  
Quentin Grimal ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Michael Reinwald ◽  
Lapo Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Bone Modeling ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Future Work

We implement a new algorithm to model acoustic wave propagation through and around a dolphin skull, using the k-Wave software package [1]. The equation of motion is integrated numerically in a complex three-dimensional structure via a pseudospectral scheme which, importantly, accounts for lateral heterogeneities in the mechanical properties of bone. Modeling wave propagation in the skull of dolphins contributes to our understanding of how their sound localization and echolocation mechanisms work. Dolphins are known to be highly effective at localizing sound sources; in particular, they have been shown to be equally sensitive to changes in the elevation and azimuth of the sound source, while other studied species, e.g. humans, are much more sensitive to the latter than to the former. A laboratory experiment conducted by our team on a dry skull [2] has shown that sound reverberated in bones could possibly play an important role in enhancing localization accuracy, and it has been speculated that the dolphin sound localization system could somehow rely on the analysis of this information. We employ our new numerical model to simulate the response of the same skull used by [2] to sound sources at a wide and dense set of locations on the vertical plane. This work is the first step towards the implementation of a new tool for modeling source (echo)location in dolphins; in future work, this will allow us to effectively explore a wide variety of emitted signals and anatomical features.

scholarly journals Denoising Directional Room Impulse Responses with Spatially Anisotropic Late Reverberation Tails

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Massé ◽  
Thibaut Carpentier ◽  
Olivier Warusfel ◽  
Markus Noisternig
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microphone Arrays ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Noise Floor ◽  
Surround Sound ◽  
Plane Wave Decomposition ◽  
Spherical Microphone Arrays ◽  
Wave Decomposition

Directional room impulse responses (DRIR) measured with spherical microphone arrays (SMA) enable the reproduction of room reverberation effects on three-dimensional surround-sound systems (e.g., Higher-Order Ambisonics) through multichannel convolution. However, such measurements inevitably contain a nondecaying noise floor that may produce an audible “infinite reverberation effect” upon convolution. If the late reverberation tail can be considered a diffuse field before reaching the noise floor, the latter may be removed and replaced with an extension of the exponentially-decaying tail synthesized as a zero-mean Gaussian noise. This has previously been shown to preserve the diffuse-field properties of the late reverberation tail when performed in the spherical harmonic domain (SHD). In this paper, we show that in the case of highly anisotropic yet incoherent late fields, the spatial symmetry of the spherical harmonics is not conducive to preserving the energy distribution of the reverberation tail. To remedy this, we propose denoising in an optimized spatial domain obtained by plane-wave decomposition (PWD), and demonstrate that this method equally preserves the incoherence of the late reverberation field.

A virtual orchestra to qualify the acoustics of historical opera houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario D’Orazio ◽  
Giulia Fratoni ◽  
Anna Rovigatti ◽  
Massimo Garai
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Social Division ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Opera Houses

Italian Historical Opera Houses are private or public spaces built around a cavea, with tiers of boxes on the surrounding walls. At the early age – from 16th to 18th century – boxes were private properties of the richest class, typically the financial responsible of the whole building. The stalls hosted the middle class, that gradually increased its social position and for this reason the wooden seats were progressively replaced by chairs. The gallery was reserved to lower classes. Does this social division correspond to a different acoustic comfort? The present work tries to answer this question using subjective preference models provided by scholars. With this aim, the room criteria defined by different authors and in distinct times are lined up with the ISO 3382 standards and analysed depending on the acoustic peculiarities of an Italian Historical Opera House selected as case study. Calibrated impulse responses were handled through the numerical simulations of a whole orchestra of virtual sound sources in the pit.

scholarly journals The Role of Reverberation and Magnitude Spectra of Direct Parts in Contralateral and Ipsilateral Ear Signals on Perceived Externalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Roman Schlieper ◽  
Jürgen Peissig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Reverberant Environments ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Listening Experiment ◽  
Binaural Sound

Several studies show that the reverberation and spectral details in direct sounds are two essential cues for perceived externalization of virtual sound sources in reverberant environments. The present study investigated the role of these two cues in contralateral and ipsilateral ear signals on perceived externalization of headphone-reproduced binaural sound images at different azimuth angles. For this purpose, seven pairs of non-individual binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured at azimuth angles of −90°, −60°, −30°, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a listening room. The magnitude spectra of direct parts were smoothed, and the reverberation was removed, either in left or right ear BRIRs. Such modified BRIRs were convolved with a speech signal, and the resulting binaural sounds were presented over headphones. Subjects were asked to assess the degree of perceived externalization for the presented stimuli. The result of the subjective listening experiment revealed that the magnitude spectra of direct parts in ipsilateral ear signals and the reverberation in contralateral ear signals are important for perceived externalization of virtual lateral sound sources.

scholarly journals Localizing nearby sound sources in a classroom: Binaural room impulse responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 3100-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham ◽  
Norbert Kopco ◽  
Tara J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources

scholarly journals Localisation of Vertical Auditory Phantom Image with Band-limited Reductions of Vertical Interchannel Crosstalk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Rory Wallis ◽  
Hyunkook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Microphone Array ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Phantom Image ◽  
3D Sound ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
Band Limited

Direct sound that is captured by the upper layer of a three-dimensional (3D) microphone array is typically regarded as vertical interchannel crosstalk (VIC), since it tends to produce an undesired effect of the sound source image being elevated from the ear-level loudspeaker layer position (0°) in reproduction. The present study examined the effectiveness of band-limited VIC attenuation methods on preventing the vertical image shift problem. In a subjective experiment, five natural sound sources were presented as vertically-oriented phantom images while using two stereophonic loudspeaker pairs elevated at 0° and 30° in front of the listener. The upper layer signal (i.e., VIC) was attenuated in various octave-band-dependent conditions that were based on vertical localisation thresholds obtained from previous studies. The results showed that it was possible to achieve the goal of panning the phantom image at the same height as the image produced by the main loudspeaker layer by attenuating only a single octave band with the centre frequency of 4 kHz or 8 kHz or multiple bands at 1 kHz and above. This has a useful practical implication in 3D sound recording and mixing where a vertically oriented phantom image is rendered.

Prediction of dipole sources and aeroacoustics field for tandem cylinder flow field based on DBEM/hybrid LES

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Aerodynamic Noise ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Dipole Sources

In this paper, the DBEM/Hybrid LES（Directly Boundary Element Method/Hybrid Large Eddy Simulation）technique is applied to predict the aerodynamic noise generated by tandem circular cylinders immersed in a three-dimensional turbulent flow. Utilizing the Lighthill's Acoustic Analogy, the flow pressure fluctuation near the surface of the cylinder is converted into acoustic dipole sources. Taking the dipole sound sources as the actual sound sources, the aeroacoustic field is simulated and analyzed by DBEM. The research shows that: The strong dipole sources are distributed in the collision zone of the downstream cylindrical surface, where the upstream cylinder's shedding vortex colliding to downstream cylinder surface. Both of the amplitude-frequency response and the phase-frequency response of dipole acoustic source are obtained, which is helpful for further research on aerodynamics noise interference and suppression. Good comparisons are obtained between numerical results and BART (Basic Aerodynamic Research Tunnel) experimental data published by NASA.

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