Re‐examining the effects of perturbation magnitude, direction, and duration on the pitch‐shift reflex.

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 2454-2454
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Allen ◽  
Theresa A. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Magnitude ◽  
Pitch Shift

The physical bases of the psychophysical pitch-shift effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
Florian Gomez ◽  
Ruedi Stoop
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Shift

Neural correlates of the pitch of complex tones. II. Pitch shift, pitch ambiguity, phase invariance, pitch circularity, rate pitch, and the dominance region for pitch

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Cariani ◽  
B. Delgutte
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Fundamental Period ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Pitch Shift

1. The neural correlates of low pitches produced by complex tones were studied by analyzing temporal discharge patterns of auditory nerve fibers in Dial-anesthetized cats. In the previous paper it was observed that, for harmonic stimuli, the most frequent interspike interval present in the population of auditory nerve fibers always corresponded to the perceived pitch (predominant interval hypothesis). The fraction of these most frequent intervals relative to the total number of intervals qualitatively corresponded to strength (salience) of the low pitches that are heard. 2. This paper addresses the neural correlates of stimuli that produce more complex patterns of pitch judgments, such as shifts in pitch and multiple pitches. Correlates of pitch shift and pitch ambiguity were investigated with the use of harmonic and inharmonic amplitude-modulated (AM) tones varying either in carrier frequency or modulation frequency. Pitches estimated from the pooled interval distributions showed shifts corresponding to "the first effect of pitch shift" (de Boer's rule) that is observed psychophysically. Pooled interval distributions in response to inharmonic stimulus segments showed multiple maxima corresponding to the multiple pitches heard by human listeners (pitch ambiguity). 3. AM and quasi-frequency-modulated tones with low carrier frequencies produce very similar patterns of pitch judgments, despite great differences in their phase spectra and waveform envelopes. Pitches estimated from pooled interval distributions were remarkably similar for the two kinds of stimuli, consistent with the psychophysically observed phase invariance of pitches produced by sets of low-frequency components. 4. Trains of clicks having uniform and alternating polarities were used to investigate the relation between pitches associated with periodicity and those associated with click rate. For unipolar click trains, where periodicity and rate coincide, physiologically estimated pitches closely follow the fundamental period. This corresponds to the pitch at the fundamental frequency (F0) that is heard. For alternating click trains, where rate and periodicity do not coincide, physiologically estimated pitches always closely followed the fundamental period. Although these pitch estimates corresponded to periodicity pitches that are heard for F0s > 150 Hz, they did not correspond to the rate pitches that are heard for F0s < 150 Hz. The predominant interval hypothesis thus failed to predict rate pitch. 5. When alternating-polarity click trains are high-pass filtered, rate pitches are strengthened and can also be heard at F0s > 150 Hz. Pitches for high-pass-filtered alternating click trains were estimated from pooled responses of fibers with characteristic frequencies (CFs) > 2 kHz. Roughly equal numbers of intervals at 1/rate and 1/F0 were found for all F0s studied, from 80 to 160 Hz, producing pitch estimates consistent with the rate pitches that are heard after high-pass filtering. The existence region for rate pitch also coincided with the presence of clear periodicities related to the click rate in pooled peristimulus time histograms. These periodicities were strongest for ensembles of fibers with CFs > 2 kHz, where there is widespread synchrony of discharges across many fibers. 6. The "dominance region for pitch" was studied with the use of two harmonic complexes consisting of harmonics 3-5 of one F0 and harmonics 6-12 of another fundamental 20% higher in frequency. When the complexes were presented individually, pitch estimates were always close to the fundamental of the complex. When the complexes were presented concurrently, pitch estimates always followed the fundamental of harmonics 3-5 for F0s of 150-480 Hz. For F0s of 125-150 Hz, pitch estimates followed one or the other fundamental, and for F0s < 125 Hz, pitch estimates followed the fundamental of harmonics 6-12. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Physiological correlates of the perceptual pitch shift for sounds with similar waveform autocorrelation

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pressnitzer ◽  
Alain de Cheveigné ◽  
Ian M. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Shift

scholarly journals Perceptual pitch shift for sounds with similar waveform autocorrelation

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pressnitzer ◽  
Alain de Cheveigné ◽  
Ian M. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Shift

scholarly journals Contralateral and Ipsilateral Pitch Shift in the Presence of Wide‐Band White or Pink Noise

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1A) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
John D. Lovell ◽  
Edward C. Carterette ◽  
A. Barnebey
Keyword(s):  
Wide Band ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Pitch Shift

scholarly journals Coordinating long-latency stretch responses across the shoulder, elbow, and wrist during goal-directed reaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 2236-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Weiler ◽  
James Saravanamuttu ◽  
Paul L. Gribble ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Kinematic Redundancy ◽  
Mechanical Perturbation ◽  
Intersegmental Dynamics ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Voluntary Behavior ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Perturbation Magnitude ◽  
Stretch Response

The long-latency stretch response (muscle activity 50–100 ms after a mechanical perturbation) can be coordinated across multiple joints to support goal-directed actions. Here we assessed the flexibility of such coordination and whether it serves to counteract intersegmental dynamics and exploit kinematic redundancy. In three experiments, participants made planar reaches to visual targets after elbow perturbations and we assessed the coordination of long-latency stretch responses across shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles. Importantly, targets were placed such that elbow and wrist (but not shoulder) rotations could help transport the hand to the target—a simple form of kinematic redundancy. In experiment 1 we applied perturbations of different magnitudes to the elbow and found that long-latency stretch responses in shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles scaled with perturbation magnitude. In experiment 2 we examined the trial-by-trial relationship between long-latency stretch responses at adjacent joints and found that the magnitudes of the responses in shoulder and elbow muscles, as well as elbow and wrist muscles, were positively correlated. In experiment 3 we explicitly instructed participants how to use their wrist to move their hand to the target after the perturbation. We found that long-latency stretch responses in wrist muscles were not sensitive to our instructions, despite the fact that participants incorporated these instructions into their voluntary behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that, during reaching, the coordination of long-latency stretch responses across multiple joints counteracts intersegmental dynamics but may not be able to exploit kinematic redundancy.

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