Ocean traffic noise in the context of natural ambient noise in impacts on marine mammals.

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 2367-2367
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Cato
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Traffic Noise

scholarly journals Learning to cope: vocal adjustment to urban noise is correlated with prior experience in black-capped chickadees

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20161058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie E. LaZerte ◽  
Hans Slabbekoorn ◽  
Ken A. Otter
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Urban Noise ◽  
Experimental Noise ◽  
Avian Communication ◽  
The City

Urban noise can interfere with avian communication through masking, but birds can reduce this interference by altering their vocalizations. Although several experimental studies indicate that birds can rapidly change their vocalizations in response to sudden increases in ambient noise, none have investigated whether this is a learned response that depends on previous exposure. Black-capped chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus ) change the frequency of their songs in response to both fluctuating traffic noise and experimental noise. We investigated whether these responses to fluctuating noise depend on familiarity with noise. We confirmed that males in noisy areas sang higher-frequency songs than those in quiet areas, but found that only males in already-noisy territories shifted songs upwards in immediate response to experimental noise. Unexpectedly, males in more quiet territories shifted songs downwards in response to experimental noise. These results suggest that chickadees may require prior experience with fluctuating noise to adjust vocalizations in such a way as to minimize masking. Thus, learning to cope may be an important part of adjusting to acoustic life in the city.

Could marine mammals use ambient noise imaging techniques?

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 3104-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Potter ◽  
Elizabeth Taylor ◽  
Mandar Chitre
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Imaging Techniques

Road sinkhole detection with 2D ambient noise tomography

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Khiem T. Tran ◽  
David Horhota
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Ambient Noise Tomography ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Seismic Methods ◽  
Source Excitation

Seismic methods are often used for detection of pre-collapsed sinkholes (voids) under roadway for remediation to minimize the risk to the safety of the traveling public. While the active-source seismic methods can provide accurate subsurface profiles, they require closing the traffic flow for hours during testing and potentially cause sinkhole collapse due to ground perturbation by source excitation. To address these issues, we present a new 2D ambient noise tomography (2D ANT) method for imaging voids under roadway. Instead of using the approximated Green’s function, whose required assumption of energy balance at both sides of each receiver pair is rarely satisfied, the cross-correlation function of traffic noise recordings is inverted directly to obtain velocity structures. To adopt the concepts of seismic interferometry and derive the model structural kernel, passing-by vehicles are assumed as moving sources along the receiver array. The source power-spectrum density is determined via the reverse-time imaging approach to approximate the source distribution. The 2D ANT method is first demonstrated on a realistic synthetic model with the accurate recovery of the model variable layers and a buried void. To demonstrate its effectiveness to the real-world problems, we successfully applied it to field data for assessment of a repaired sinkhole under the US441 highway, Florida, USA. The field experimental result shows that the method is capable of resolving the subsurface S-wave velocity ( VS) structure and detecting a low-velocity anomaly. The inverted VS profile from the 2D ANT generally agrees with that of 2D active-source full-waveform inversion, including the VS value and depth of the anomaly. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to directly invert the waveform cross-correlation of traffic noise recordings to extract material property at the engineering meter scale (<30 m depth).

scholarly journals Dolphins simplify their vocal calls in response to increased ambient noise

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 20180484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Fouda ◽  
Jessica E. Wingfield ◽  
Amber D. Fandel ◽  
Aran Garrod ◽  
Kristin B. Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acoustic Feature ◽  
Ocean Noise ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes

Ocean noise varies spatially and temporally and is driven by natural and anthropogenic processes. Increased ambient noise levels can cause signal masking and communication impairment, affecting fitness and recruitment success. However, the effects of increasing ambient noise levels on marine species, such as marine mammals that primarily rely on sound for communication, are not well understood. We investigated the effects of concurrent ambient noise levels on social whistle calls produced by bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) in the western North Atlantic. Elevated ambient noise levels were mainly caused by ship noise. Increases in ship noise, both within and below the dolphins' call bandwidth, resulted in higher dolphin whistle frequencies and a reduction in whistle contour complexity, an acoustic feature associated with individual identification. Consequently, the noise-induced simplification of dolphin whistles may reduce the information content in these acoustic signals and decrease effective communication, parent–offspring proximity or group cohesion.

scholarly journals Noise Model Analysis and Estimation of Effect due to Wind Driven Ambient Noise in Shallow Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakthivel Murugan ◽  
V. Natarajan ◽  
R. Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Noise Spectrum ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Entire Frequency Range ◽  
Wind Speeds

Signal transmission in ocean using water as a channel is a challenging process due to attenuation, spreading, reverberation, absorption, and so forth, apart from the contribution of acoustic signals due to ambient noises. Ambient noises in sea are of two types: manmade (shipping, aircraft over the sea, motor on boat, etc.) and natural (rain, wind, seismic, etc.), apart from marine mammals and phytoplanktons. Since wind exists in all places and at all time: its effect plays a major role. Hence, in this paper, we concentrate on estimating the effects of wind. Seven sets of data with various wind speeds ranging from 2.11 m/s to 6.57 m/s were used. The analysis is performed for frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 8 kHz. It is found that a linear relationship between noise spectrum and wind speed exists for the entire frequency range. Further, we developed a noise model for analyzing the noise level. The results of the empirical data are found to fit with results obtained with the aid of noise model.

Instantaneous acoustical response of marine mammals to abrupt changes in ambient noise

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247-2247
Author(s):  
John E. Joseph ◽  
Tetyana Margolina ◽  
Ming-Jer Huang
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Abrupt Changes

scholarly journals Correction: Separating underwater ambient noise from flow noise recorded on stereo acoustic tags attached to marine mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (17) ◽  
pp. 2774-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. von Benda-Beckmann ◽  
Paul J. Wensveen ◽  
Filipa I. P. Samarra ◽  
S. Peter Beerens ◽  
Patrick J. O. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Flow Noise ◽  
Acoustic Tags

scholarly journals Separating underwater ambient noise from flow noise recorded on stereo acoustic tags attached to marine mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (15) ◽  
pp. 2271-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. von Benda-Beckmann ◽  
Paul J. Wensveen ◽  
Filipa I. P. Samarra ◽  
S. Peter Beerens ◽  
Patrick J. O. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Flow Noise ◽  
Acoustic Tags

scholarly journals Does bat response to traffic noise support the misleading cue hypothesis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Geipel ◽  
Bawan Amin ◽  
Rachel A Page ◽  
Wouter Halfwerk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Acoustic Similarity ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
The World

Abstract The world has become a noisier place due to the increase in urbanization. Noise is generally considered an impediment, altering an animal’s behavior through masking or distraction. But noise can also provide useful information about the environment. For animals that rely on natural environmental noise as an indicator of favorable foraging conditions, increasing levels of anthropogenic noise might mislead informed decision-making. Bats use rain noise, a natural environmental cue, to delay their emergence from the roost, presumably to avoid sensory and metabolic costs associated with foraging in heavy rain. Here we tested the “misleading cue hypothesis,” asking whether traffic noise is mistaken for rain noise by bats. Given the acoustic similarity between rain noise and traffic noise, we predicted that bats would confuse the two. We conducted a playback experiment using rain, traffic, and ambient noise at natural roosts of common big-eared bats (Micronycteris microtis, Phyllostomidae) and recorded bat emergence behavior. In contrast to their response to rain noise, the bats did not delay roost emergence in response to traffic noise. Thus, we found that bats were able to discriminate between traffic noise and rain noise and were not misled by similarity in acoustic parameters in the two noise types, when emerging from their roost. Emerging bats did show more exploration flights during traffic noise than during rain noise, but not during ambient noise, suggesting that they perceive traffic noise as a novel acoustic cue. Our data provide new insights into perception of traffic noise by bats.

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