Electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve based on selected groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Clemens M. Zierhofer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Acoustic Nerve ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neural Encoding of Sound Sensation Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Acoustic Nerve

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Merzenich ◽  
Robin P. Michelson ◽  
C. Robert Pettit ◽  
Robert A. Schindler ◽  
Miriam Reid
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Acoustic Nerve ◽  
Electrical Stimuli ◽  
Stimulation Of

A series of psychoacoustic experiments was conducted in subjects implanted with a permanent intracochlear bipolar electrode. These experiments were designed to reveal the nature of the sensation evoked by direct sinusoidal electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve. A series of single unit experiments in the inferior colliculus of cats was then conducted, using intracochlear stimulus electrodes identical to those implanted in human subjects in all respects except size, and using identical stimuli. These physiological experiments were designed to reveal how sounds evoked by intracochlear electrical stimulation in humans are generated and encoded in the auditory nervous system. Among the results were the following: 1) The sensation arises from direct electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve. It is not “electrophonic” hearing arising from electro-mechanical excitation of hair cells. 2) While sounds are heard with electrical stimulation at frequencies from below 25 to above 10,000 Hz, the useful range of discriminative hearing is limited to frequencies below 400–600 Hz. 3) There is no “place” coding of electrical stimuli of different frequency. Tonal sensations generated by electrical stimulation must be encoded by the time order of discharge of auditory neurons. 4) The periods of sinusoidal electrical stimuli are encoded in discharges of inferior colliculus neurons at frequencies up to 400–600 Hz. 5) Both psychoacoustic and physiological evidence indicates that the low tone sensations evoked by electrical stimulation are akin to the sensations of “periodicity pitch” generated in the normal cochlea. 6) Most cochlear hair cells are lost with intracochlear implantation with this electrode. Most ganglion cells survive implantation. Implications of these experiments for further development of an acoustic prosthesis are discussed.

scholarly journals Stapedial reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve in cochlear implant patients.

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Kozo Kumakawa ◽  
Atsuko Manjyome ◽  
Hidehiko Takeda ◽  
Rie Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Acoustic Nerve ◽  
Stapedial Reflex ◽  
Stimulation Of

ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL LH CONTENT IN NORMAL, ANDROGEN-STERILIZED AND PROGESTERONE-PRIMED STERILE FEMALE RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Gorski ◽  
Charles A. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Gland Content ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT We have previously suggested that the failure of the androgen-sterilized, persistent-oestrous rat to ovulate, following electrical stimulation of the median eminence structures of the hypothalamus, is due to an insufficiency in adenohypophyseal LH concentration. Using the ovarian ascorbic acid technique for quantitative determination of pituitary LH content, the present studies have demonstrated that the sterile rat pituitary gland contains one-third the LH content of the normal prooestrous gland. Furthermore, not only does progesterone priming of this persistent-oestrous rat result in a 75 % increase in LH concentration, but on hypothalamic stimulation sufficient LH is released to induce ovulation. The decrease in LH concentration which accompanies ovulation in the progesterone-primed, sterile rat is approximately 45 % of the total gland content as compared with a 51 % decrease in pituitary content in the normal cyclic rat.

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