Micromachined microphones with diffraction-based optical displacement detection

2005 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 3000-3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal A. Hall ◽  
Baris Bicen ◽  
M. Kamran Jeelani ◽  
Wook Lee ◽  
Shakeel Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Displacement

scholarly journals Upconversion Spectral Rulers for Transcutaneous Displacement Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Suckey ◽  
Donald W. Benza ◽  
John D. DesJardins ◽  
Jeffrey N. Anker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Low Background ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Displacement Measurements ◽  
Minimal Intensity

We describe a method to measure micron to millimeter displacement through tissue using an upconversion spectral ruler. Measuring stiffness (displacement under load) in muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons is important for studying and monitoring healing of injuries. Optical displacement measurements are useful because they are sensitive and noninvasive. Optical measurements through tissue must use spectral rather than imaging approaches because optical scattering in the tissue blurs the image with a point spread function typically around the depth of the tissue. Additionally, the optical measurement should have low background and minimal intensity dependence. Previously, we demonstrated a spectral encoder using either X-ray luminescence or fluorescence, but the X-ray luminescence required an expensive X-ray source and used ionizing radiation, while the fluorescence sensor suffered from interference from autofluorescence. Here, we used upconversion, which can be provided with a simple fiber-coupled spectrometer with essentially autofluorescence-free signals. The upconversion phosphors provide a low background signal, and the use of closely spaced spectral peaks minimizes spectral distortion from the tissue. The small displacement noise level (precision) through tissue was 2 µm when using a microscope-coupled spectrometer to collect light. We also showed proof of principle for measuring strain on a tendon mimic. The approach provides a simple method to study biomechanics using implantable sensors.

Simulation of the Characteristics of a Magneto-Optical Displacement Transducer

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 832-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Matyunin ◽  
M. V. Stepanov ◽  
O. G. Babaev
Keyword(s):  
Displacement Transducer ◽  
Optical Displacement

Noncontact optical displacement measurements by dynamic contrast auto focusing for slow oscillatory motion

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Makagon ◽  
Sergey Khodorov ◽  
Anatoly Frenkel ◽  
Leonid Chernyak ◽  
Igor Lubomirsky
Keyword(s):  
Oscillatory Motion ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Displacement Measurements ◽  
Auto Focusing

Integrated Optical Displacement Detection and Electrostatic Actuation for Directional Optical Microphones With Micromachined Biomimetic Diaphragms

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Bicen ◽  
Sunny Jolly ◽  
Kamran Jeelani ◽  
Caesar T. Garcia ◽  
Neal A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Actuation ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Integrated Optical
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