Three-dimensional passive acoustic tracking of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in ray-refracting environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 3575-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Thode
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Acoustic Tracking ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Three‐dimensional passive acoustic tracking of sperm whale behavior with widely separated vertical arrays in the Gulf of Alaska

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 3014-3014
Author(s):  
Christopher O. Tiemann ◽  
Aaron M. Thode ◽  
Jan Straley ◽  
Kendall Folkert ◽  
Victoria O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Acoustic Tracking ◽  
Vertical Arrays ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Passive acoustic detection and localization of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the tongue of the ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1091-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Morrissey ◽  
J. Ward ◽  
N. DiMarzio ◽  
S. Jarvis ◽  
D.J. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Detection And Localization

On the possibility of detecting surfacing sperm whales at risk of collision using others' foraging clicks

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Delory ◽  
M. André ◽  
J.-L. Navarro Mesa ◽  
M. van der Schaar
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Passive Sonar ◽  
Acoustic Sources

Cetaceans are prone to collisions with fast vessels, and in areas of high cetacean and vessel density such as in the Canary Islands, the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is of great concern. Sperm whales are highly vocal and can be localized with passive sonar, but, when at or near the surface, they tend to stop vocalizing, i.e. when they are most at risk. Regrettably, ship-borne active solutions have proven inefficient due to the short detection range and the ships' high-speeds. Our objective in this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of an original passive sonar solution that would use vocalizing whale clicks at depth as acoustic sources to detect silent whales. This solution could be a non-invasive complementary component of a more complex passive localization whale anti-collision system. To meet this aim, a simulation tool for 3D acoustic propagation was designed in which a wideband Nx2D ray solution of the wave equation simulates a passive solution consisting of an arbitrary number of active acoustic sources, an illuminated object, and a receiver, all positioned in a three-dimensional space with arbitrary bathymetry. Both curved and straight ray solutions were implemented, the latter providing greater computational speeds at the expense of temporal and angular precision. The software recreates the resulting sound mixture of direct, reverberated and target back-scattered signals arriving at the array sensors for any array configuration, any number of sources and one target. Simulations show the application of the concept for the Canary Islands, with a detection range upper bound of the order of one kilometre.

Three‐dimensional Bayesian passive acoustic tracking of walruses in the Chukchi Sea.

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 2483-2483
Author(s):  
Brendan P. Rideout ◽  
Stan E. Dosso ◽  
David E. Hannay
Keyword(s):  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acoustic Tracking ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Observations on the composition and behaviour of groups of female sperm whales near the Galapagos Islands

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Arnbom ◽  
Hal Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Acoustic Tracking ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Mixed Groups

During visual and acoustic tracking of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, off the Galapagos Islands, observations were made on the composition and behaviour of the 13 photographically identified groups being followed. Observations of calves and the high incidence of animals with dorsal fin calluses suggested that the groups could be categorized as mixed groups, which contain females and their offspring. Animals recorded to be escorting calves were probably females. Individual calves were escorted by different individuals at different times, and known individuals were observed to escort more than one calf on different occasions. There was a significant difference in the proportion of open and closed fluke notches between groups, suggesting some relatedness of individuals within a group. Twenty-one percent of the identified individuals had tooth mark scars on their flukes, but there was no significant variation in this proportion between groups.

scholarly journals Severity Scoring of Behavioral Responses of Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to Novel Continuous versus Conventional Pulsed Active Sonar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Charlotte Curé ◽  
Saana Isojunno ◽  
Marije L. Siemensma ◽  
Paul J. Wensveen ◽  
Célia Buisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Active Sonar ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Free Ranging

Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) have demonstrated that naval pulsed active sonar (PAS) can induce costly behavioral responses in cetaceans similar to antipredator responses. New generation continuous active sonars (CAS) emit lower amplitude levels but more continuous signals. We conducted CEEs with PAS, CAS and no-sonar control on free-ranging sperm whales in Norway. Two panels blind to experimental conditions concurrently inspected acoustic-and-movement-tag data and visual observations of tagged whales and used an established severity scale (0–9) to assign scores to putative responses. Only half of the exposures elicited a response, indicating overall low responsiveness in sperm whales. Responding whales (10 of 12) showed more, and more severe responses to sonar compared to no-sonar. Moreover, the probability of response increased when whales were previously exposed to presence of predatory and/or competing killer or long-finned pilot whales. Various behavioral change types occurred over a broad range of severities (1–6) during CAS and PAS. When combining all behavioral types, the proportion of responses to CAS was significantly higher than no-sonar but not different from PAS. Responses potentially impacting vital rates i.e., with severity ≥4, were initiated at received cumulative sound exposure levels (dB re 1 μPa2 s) of 137–177 during CAS and 143–181 during PAS.

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