scholarly journals The occlusion‐impedance of the ear canal and its influence on the occlusion effect and external physiological masking

1983 ◽  
Vol 74 (S1) ◽  
pp. S33-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Pösselt
Keyword(s):  
Ear Canal ◽  
Occlusion Effect

The Occlusion Effect in Bone Conduction Hearing

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Goldstein ◽  
Claude S. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Threshold Measure ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Occlusion Effect

This experiment tested the hypothesis that the occlusion effect is accompanied by an increase in sound pressure level in the external auditory canal. Pure tone bone conduction thresholds and sound pressure levels were measured, first with the ear canal open, then with the ear canal closed, at two positions of the bone vibrator and at five frequencies in 28 normal listeners. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference between measures at 250, 500, and 1 000 cps but not at 2 000 and 4 000 cps. Average sound pressure level shifts tended to be larger than their threshold measure counterparts. The two measures, nevertheless, yielded positive correlations.

Occlusion Effect of the External‐Ear Canal and Its Effect upon Bone Conduction

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Tonndorf ◽  
Elliot C. Greenfield ◽  
Roger S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Conduction ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
External Ear Canal ◽  
Occlusion Effect

scholarly journals Multifrequency tympanometry in infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Macedo ◽  
Mariza Feniman ◽  
Tamyne de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Occlusion Effect

Summary Introduction: The use of conventional tympanometry is not sufficiently sensitive to detect all cases of middle ear changes, and this hinders accurate diagnosis. Objective: To characterize acoustic immittance measures of infants from 0 to 3 months of age using multifrequency tympanometry in a prospective study. Method: 54 infants from 0 to 3 months of age were evaluated. The inclusion criteria included absence of respiratory infections during the evaluation, presence of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and absence of risk indicators for hearing loss. The subjects were evaluated by an audiologic interview, a visual inspection of the ear canal, and measures of acoustic immittance at the frequencies of 226 Hz, 678 Hz, and 1,000 Hz. Tympanometric records of the occlusion effect, tympanometric curve type, tympanometric peak pressure, equivalent ear canal volume, and peak compensated static acoustic admittance were collected. Results: The results indicated the presence of an occlusion effect (2.88% at 226 Hz, 4.81% at 678 Hz and 3.85% at 1,000 Hz), predominance of a tympanometric curve with a single peak (65.35% at 226 Hz, 81.82% at 678 Hz, and 77.00% at 1,000 Hz), and tympanometric peak pressure ranging from -155 to 180 daPa. Further, the equivalent ear canal volume increased with the frequency of the probe (0.64 mL at 226 Hz, 1.63 mho at 678 Hz, and 2.59 mmho at 1,000 Hz) and the peak compensated static acoustic admittance values increased with an increase in frequency (0.51 mL at 226 Hz, 0.55 mmho at 678 Hz and 1.20 mmho at 1,000 Hz). 93.06% of the tympanograms were classified as normal at 226 Hz, 81.82% at 678 Hz, and 77.00 % at 1,000 Hz, respectively. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated that utilizing these evaluations made it possible to characterize the acoustic immittance measures of infants.

The Occlusion Effect and Ear Canal Sound Pressure Level

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Fagelson ◽  
Frederick N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
External Canal ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Occlusion Effect

Comparisons were made between changes in the audibility of bone-conduction stimuli to differences in the sound pressure present in the external auditory canal when ears were occluded. Fifteen listeners with normal middle ear function were tested using pure tones of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz, delivered via a bone-conduction oscillator placed on the mastoid process and the frontal bone. At all three frequencies, and both sites of stimulation, ear canal sound pressures were greater in the occluded than in the unoccluded conditions. Concurrently, the test signals were detected at lower intensities, although the changes in audibility and external canal sound pressure levels were not unity. The occlusion effect was attenuated slightly when the skull was vibrated from the frontal bone.

Investigations on the physical factors influencing the ear canal occlusion effect caused by hearing aids

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zurbrügg ◽  
A. Stirnemannn ◽  
M. Kuster ◽  
H. Lissek
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Occlusion Effect

scholarly journals Accounting for the Occlusion Effect with Insert Earphones

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 826-834
Author(s):  
Dorothy Neave-DiToro ◽  
Amanda DeSantolo ◽  
Michael Bergen ◽  
Adrienne Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
Insert Earphones ◽  
Occlusion Effect ◽  
Spurious Results

AbstractThere are clinical implications associated with knowing when the occlusion effect (OE) must be accounted for during bone conduction (BC) testing because spurious results can occur when errors are made in this regard. The amount of OE produced when insert earphones (IEs) are used varies in the literature; thus, further investigation is warranted.The purpose of this project was to determine the OE during BC threshold measurements under the following occluding conditions used clinically: when using partial insertion (PI) versus full insertion (FI) depth and when occluding one versus both ears.A descriptive within-subjects design was used in this study.Twenty-two adults with mean four-frequency pure tone averages of 24 dB HL, aged 40–83 yr, participated.BC thresholds were obtained at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz under seven conditions: (1) both ears unoccluded, (2) left ear occluded with PI, (3) right ear occluded with PI, (4) both ears occluded with PI, (5) left ear occluded with FI, (6) right ear occluded with FI, (7) both ears occluded with FI. For PI, one half of the length of the IE was beyond the opening of the ear canal. For FI, the lateral edge of the foam insert was flush with the entrance to the ear canal.Mean OEs were compared with previously published data. In addition, variability in the data was examined using frequency distribution plots as well as cumulative frequency and percentile values.Mean OEs of 5–13 dB were present in all but the FI condition at 1000 Hz where the OE was <3 dB. Differences between PI and FI conditions were present at each frequency measured, irrespective of whether one or both ears were occluded. The shifts in threshold were consistently more prevalent and greater for the PI than the FI conditions overall. Mean differences between the one-ear and both-ears conditions were not clinically significant. Clinically significant variability in the data was noted, except when comparing the one-ear versus both-ears conditions.Occluding the ear during initial BC measurements may artificially improve the thresholds and create or exaggerate an air-bone gap. Thus, initial BC testing should be performed unoccluded at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. There is a need to account for the OE even when the IE is flush with the ear canal to avoid insufficient masking.

The Occlusion Effect in Unilateral Functional Hearing Loss

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Gary Thompson ◽  
Marie Denman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occlusion Effect

Bone-conduction tests were administered to subjects who feigned a hearing loss in the right ear. The tests were conducted under two conditions: With and without occlusion of the non-test ear. It was anticipated that the occlusion effect, a well-known audiological principle, would operate to draw low frequency bone-conducted signals to the occluded side in a predictable manner. Results supported this expectation and are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

Anatomical Study of the Modified Glasscock Approach with a Temporary Removal of the Bony Ear Canal

Skull Base ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kunst ◽  
J. Lavieille ◽  
A. Devèze ◽  
K. Graamans ◽  
J. Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Ear Canal
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document