scholarly journals Acoustic sensing of large‐scale ocean dynamic processes

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (S1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
J. G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Ocean Dynamic

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

Acoustic sensing of macroalgae (kelp) for large-scale marine biomass production

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1797-1797
Author(s):  
Erin M. Fischell ◽  
Andone C. Lavery ◽  
Amy Kukulya ◽  
Timothy K. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Marine Biomass

scholarly journals Influence of Check Dams on Flood and Erosion Dynamic Processes of a Small Watershed in the Loss Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuilong Yuan ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
Haidong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Flood Volume

As an important soil and water conservation engineering measure, check dams have been constructed on a large scale in the Loess Plateau of China. However, their effects on runoff and sediment processes in the basin are still unclear. In this study, the hydrodynamic processes of the Wangmaogou watershed located in the Loess Plateau were simulated, and the influence of check dams on the flood and erosion dynamic processes in this watershed were also evaluated. The results showed that the check dams obviously reduced the flood peak and flood volume and mitigated the flood process. After the dam system was completed, the flood peak and flood volume were reduced by 65.34% and 58.67%, respectively. The erosion dynamic distribution of the main channel in the small watershed was changed to different extents by the different dam type combinations, and the erosion dynamic parameters of the channel decreased most after the dam system was completed, when the velocity and runoff shear stress of the outlet section were reduced by 10.69% and 31.08%, respectively. Additionally, the benefits of sediment reduction were most obvious after the check dam system was completed, with the sediment discharge in the watershed being reduced by 83.92%. The results of this study would provide specific implications for construction and management of check dams in the Loess plateau.

Problems of cartographic study of vegetation structure in Siberia

1997 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Вelоv
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
Vegetation Study ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Transformation Series

The works by V. B. Sochava have laid the foundation of the system geographical-historical approach to vegetation study, determined the features of vegetation cartography in Siberia. The profound intensification of cartographic works in Siberia began in seventies. At that period, ahead of the others, V. B. Sochava raised the problem of ecologyzation of geographic investigations and among them vegetation cartography. Thus he stimulated the development of ecological-geobotanical (phytoecological) mapping. In the eighties the estimation-prognosis mapping started to develope that enhanced the demands to the universal geobotanical map. At the present time in Siberia the cartographical-geobotanical investigations are conducting in the frame of numerous regional and local ecological problems and first of all those related to the concept of stable development of the Baikal region adopted at the UNO conference in 1992. The vegetation map published in Baikal Atlas is an example of such new survey-inquiry mapping, the same are the vegetation map and the estimation map of vegetation disturbances of the Irkutsk District. In the above map, in contrast to previous ones, more attention have been paid to the destructive dynamic processes, therefore the typification of the secondary communities has been carried out not through the restoration series but through the stages of anthropogenic transformation series. Natural and derivative units (numbers) are united into unified dynamic series (epitaxons). Two dynamic processes – destruction and demutation – can be traced on the vegetation map of Irkutsk District. At the base of the universal geobotanical map the block of phytoecological maps has been created. At present days the interest to the middle-scale and the large-scale mapping in Siberia is increasing sharply. Perspectives of its development are connected with forming the regional and local GIS and with developing the operative computer-mapping.

scholarly journals Ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Gradient Force ◽  
Pressure Gradient Force ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ocean Dynamic ◽  
Scale Motion

AbstractTwo different treatments in ocean dynamics are found between the gravity and pressure gradient force. Vertical component is 5–6 orders of magnitude larger than horizontal components for the pressure gradient force in large-scale motion, and for the gravity in any scale motion. The horizontal pressure gradient force is considered as a dominant force in oceanic motion from planetary to small scales. However, the horizontal gravity is omitted in oceanography completely. A non-dimensional C number (ratio between the horizontal gravity and the Coriolis force) is used to identify the importance of horizontal gravity in the ocean dynamics. Unexpectedly large C number with the global mean around 24 is obtained using the community datasets of the marine geoid height and ocean surface currents. New large-scale ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity are presented such as hydrostatic balance, geostrophic equilibrium, thermal wind, equipotential coordinate system, and vorticity equation.

scholarly journals Case Study of the Characteristics and Dynamic Process of July 10, 2013, Catastrophic Debris Flows in Wenchuan County, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guisheng Hu ◽  
Ningsheng Chen ◽  
Javed Iqbal Tanoli ◽  
Yong You ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Secondary Disasters

The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, generated a significant amount of loose solid material that can produce devastating debris flows. In the five years since the earthquake, there have been many large-scale individual and group catastrophic debris flows that have caused lots of damage to the resettled population and the reconstruction efforts. The reconstructed towns of Yingxiu, Yinxing and Miansi have suffered debris flows and other secondary disasters in the past five years and are still not out of danger in the future. A debris-flow catastrophic event hit four towns of Wenchuan County along the Duwen Highway, part of China’s National Highway 213, at midnight on July 10, 2013, following a local extreme rainfall of 176.2mm 24h-1. The debris flows occurred simultaneously along seven gullies. A total of 15000 people were affected due to the destruction of resettlement areas, factories, power stations, and houses. Because of this devastating event, traffic along the Duwen highway was completely disrupted during the disaster and recovery period. The present study focuses on the Lianshan Bridge debris flow gully; the disaster characteristics and cause of the debris flow were analyzed based on field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, and laboratory experiments. The particular dynamic parameters of the debris flow were calculated and analyzed including density, velocity, discharge, total volume and impact force. Also, the dynamic processes and changes that occurred in the debris flow were examined, and the block and burst characteristics of debris flow were studied based on statistical calculation and analysis dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow. Finally, a program to prevent further debris flow was proposed according to the on-site investigation and based on the analysis of the features and dynamic processes of the debris flow.  ResumenEl terremoto de Wenchuan, el 12 de mayo de 2008, generó una gran cantidad de material sólido suelto que puede producir flujos de detritos devastadores. En los años posteriores al terremoto han ocurrido deslizamientos a gran escala individuales y simultáneos que han causado daño a los habitantes reubicados y a los esfuerzos de reconstrucción. Las ciudades reconstruidas de Yingxiu, Yinxing y Miansi han sufrido flujos de detritos y otros desastres secundarios desde el terremoto, y no están exentas de eventos futuros. Un evento simultáneo de flujo de detritos afectó a cuatro localidades del condado de Wenchuan, a lo largo de la autopista de Duwen, parte de la carretera nacional 213, en la medianoche del 10 de julio de 2013, después de una lluvia extrema de 176,2 mm 24h-1. Los movimientos de detritos ocurrieron en siete pendientes. Un total de 1500 personas resultaron afectadas debido a la destrucción en áreas de reasentamiento, fábricas, estaciones eléctricas y viviendas. Debido a este devastador hecho, el tráfico de la autopista Duwen estuvo interrumpido durante el período del desastre y mientras se recuperaba la zona. Este estudio se enfoca en el deslizamiento del Puente Lianshan, donde se analizaron las características y las causas del flujo de detritos basados en investigaciones de campo, interpretación de detección remota y experimentos de laboratorio. Se calcularon y analizaron los parámetros dinámicos particulares del flujo de detritos como la densidad, velocidad, descarga, volumen total y fuerza de impacto. También se analizaron los procesos dinámicos y los cambios que ocurrieron en el flujo de detritos, al igual que se estudiaron las características de bloqueo y ruptura del flujo con base en cálculos estadísticos y análisis de los parámetros dinámicos característicos. Finalmente, se propone un programa para prevenir mayores movimientos de detritos de acuerdo con la investigación de campo y basado en los análisis de las características y procesos dinámicos del flujo de material sólido suelto.

scholarly journals Substantiation of similitude rules of bending stiffness of twisted fishing gear

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Alexander Alekseevich Nedostup ◽  
Karina Konovalova ◽  
Pavel Nasenkov ◽  
Alexey Olegovich Razhev ◽  
Sergey Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Engineering Structures

The article considers the problems of physical modeling of twisted filamentary parts of fishing gear and the similitude rules of bending stiffness of filamentary gear parts (FP). The problems are caused firstly by the scope, high costs and complexity of engineering structures in commercial fishery, and thus it was impossible to use them in full-scale testing. Secondly, the lack of systematic experiments prevented from measuring the bending stiffness of synthetic rope parts of fishing gear (SRP). Thus, it becomes necessary to conduct model experiments related to physical modeling of dynamic processes occurring in twisted fishing gear, as well as to carry out a detailed study of the theory of similarity. An attempt to evaluate the bending stiffness of a full-scale object made of polyamide (diameter = 10 mm, the object length and pin diameter were found using large-scale physical characteristics) based on the analysis of experimental data on bending stiffness of synthetic filamentous gear parts made of polyamide with different diameter and length (length = 0.08; 0.10; 0.12; 0.16; 0.20, 0.24 m and diameter = 1.10; 2.0; 3.10; 4.0; 5.0, 6.0 mm) defined on the pins with diameter = 2.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mm. The obtained data will help to prove the correctness of using the theory of dynamic similarity in the course of justification of similarity rules of bending stiffness of the large-diameter cordage and to determine the basic physical and mechanical properties necessary for modeling industrial fishing gear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document