scholarly journals Sensitivity of vestibular nerve fibers to audio‐frequency sound and head vibration in the squirrel monkey

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Young ◽  
César Fernández ◽  
Jay M. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Audio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Sound

Responses of Squirrel Monkey Vestibular Neurons to Audio-Frequency Sound and Head Vibration

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Young ◽  
C. Fernández ◽  
J. M. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Audio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Vestibular Neurons

Structure and Function of Vestibular Nerve Fibers in the Chinchilla and Squirrel Monkey

1992 ◽  
Vol 656 (1 Sensing and C) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAY M. GOLDBERG ◽  
ANNA LYSAKOWSKI ◽  
CÉSAR FERNÁNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
And Function

Histologic Findings in Two Very Small Intracanalicular Solitary Schwannomas of the Eighth Nerve

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gail Neely ◽  
Jack Hough
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
The Other ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Conservation Surgery

Two very small intracanalicular tumors, resected en bloc with the complete eighth nerve, were serially sectioned in order to study the relationship between the tumors and the nerves of origin. Both cases met the size criteria for hearing conservation surgery; however, the patient with the smaller tumor and the better hearing had no recognizable cochlear nerve fibers passing the tumor. The cochlear nerve in the patient with poorer hearing was completely free of tumor. The tumor with the infiltrated cochlear nerve seemed to originate from the inferior vestibular nerve. The other tumor seemed to arise from the superior vestibular nerve. Proximally, the tumors occupied a more central location in the involved nerves, but they abruptly became eccentric and exophytic as they proceeded laterally. Nerve fibers remaining about the tumors were displaced to the periphery. These nerve fiber aggregates became quite thin and attenuated, frequently separating into smaller aggregates which, ultimately, were incorporated into the tumors. As fibers came closer to the tumors, they tended to change from their longitudinal direction toward a more circumferential orientation about the surface of the tumors. The tumor-nerve fiber interfaces were quite variable throughout the course of the tumor, ranging from large aggregates of nerve fibers distinctly separate from the tumors to aggregates separate but tightly applied to the tumors without a tissue plane between, to aggregates partially incorporated within the periphery of the tumors, to aggregates completely incorporated into the periphery of the tumors. Frequently several types of interfaces were seen in the same section. These findings showed that in one case the cochlear nerve could have been surgically separated from the acoustic tumor; in the other specimen, it could not have been separated. It was impossible to predict between the two. In these two very small tumors, the gross specimen observation correlated reasonably well with the histology, thus suggesting that intraoperative observation may be a predictor in hearing conservation surgery; however, previous studies in slightly larger tumors make this an extremely guarded concept.

Projection of the vestibular nerve to the area 3a arm field in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri Sciureus)

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. �dkvist ◽  
D.W.F. Schwarz ◽  
J.M. Fredrickson ◽  
R. Hassler
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Area 3A

Histological considerations of the cleavage plane for preservation of facial and cochlear nerve functions in vestibular schwannoma surgery

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Sasaki ◽  
Tadahisa Shono ◽  
Kimiaki Hashiguchi ◽  
Fumiaki Yoshida ◽  
Satoshi O. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Cleavage Plane ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Tissue Layer ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Tumor Capsule ◽  
Tumor Parenchyma

Object The authors analyzed the tumor capsule and the tumor–nerve interface in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) to define the ideal cleavage plane for maximal tumor removal with preservation of facial and cochlear nerve functions. Methods Surgical specimens from 21 unilateral VSs were studied using classical H & E, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining against myelin basic protein. Results The authors observed a continuous thin connective tissue layer enveloping the surfaces of the tumors. Some nerve fibers, which were immunopositive to myelin basic protein and considered to be remnants of vestibular nerve fibers, were also identified widely beneath the connective tissue layer. These findings indicated that the socalled “tumor capsule” in VSs is the residual vestibular nerve tissue itself, consisting of the perineurium and underlying nerve fibers. There was no structure bordering the tumor parenchyma and the vestibular nerve fibers. In specimens of tumors removed en bloc with the cochlear nerves, the authors found that the connective tissue layer, corresponding to the perineurium of the cochlear nerve, clearly bordered the nerve fibers and tumor tissue. Conclusions Based on these histological observations, complete tumor resection can be achieved by removal of both tumor parenchyma and tumor capsule when a clear border between the tumor capsule and facial or cochlear nerve fibers can be identified intraoperatively. Conversely, when a severe adhesion between the tumor and facial or cochlear nerve fibers is observed, dissection of the vestibular nerve–tumor interface (the subcapsular or subperineurial dissection) is recommended for preservation of the functions of these cranial nerves.

Efferent Synaptic Transmission at the Vestibular Type II Hair Cell Synapse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Yu ◽  
J. Michael McIntosh ◽  
Soroush Sadeghi ◽  
Elisabeth Glowatzki
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Afferents ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTIn the vestibular peripheral organs, type I and type II hair cells (HCs) transmit incoming signals via glutamatergic quantal transmission onto afferent nerve fibers. Additionally, type I HCs transmit via ‘non-quantal’ transmission to calyx afferent fibers, by accumulation of glutamate and potassium in the synaptic cleft. Vestibular efferent inputs originating in the brainstem contact type II HCs and vestibular afferents. Here, we aimed at characterizing the synaptic efferent inputs to type II HCs using electrical and optogenetic stimulation of efferent fibers combined with in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recording from type II HCs in the rodent vestibular crista. Properties of efferent synaptic currents in type II HCs were similar to those found in cochlear hair cells and mediated by activation of α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and SK potassium channels. While efferents showed a low probability of release at low frequencies of stimulation, repetitive stimulation resulted in facilitation and increased probability of release. Notably, the membrane potential of type II HCs measured during optogenetic stimulation of efferents showed a strong hyperpolarization even in response to single pulses and was further enhanced by repetitive stimulation. Such efferent-mediated inhibition of type II HCs can provide a mechanism to adjust the contribution of signals from type I and type II HCs to vestibular nerve fibers. As a result, the relative input of type I hair cells to vestibular afferents will be strengthened, emphasizing the phasic properties of the incoming signal that are transmitted via fast non-quantal transmission.New and NoteworthyType II vestibular hair cells (HCs) receive inputs from efferent fibers originating in the brainstem. We used in vitro optogenetic and electrical stimulation of efferent fibers to study their synaptic inputs to type II HCs. Efferent inputs inhibited type II HCs, similar to cochlear efferent effects. We propose that efferent inputs adjust the contribution of signals from type I and type II HCs that report different components of the incoming signal to vestibular nerve fibers.

Gentamicin Sensitivity of Vestibular Nerve Fibers

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. P73-P73
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cass ◽  
Jennifer K. Ankerstjerne ◽  
Charles A Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vestibular Nerve

Measurement of Vibration of the Basilar Membrane in the Squirrel Monkey

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Rhode
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Resonance Curve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Oscillatory Response ◽  
Resonance Curves

The Mössbauer technique, which can be used to measure very small velocities, on the order of 0.2 mm/sec, has been used to measure the response of the basilar membrane to tones and clicks in squirrel monkeys. The results verify that there is a mechanical frequency analysis performed in the cochlea and that the traveling wave theory holds true. The resonance curves indicate that the tuning of the basilar membrane is greater than was thought. The basilar membrane in the 7–8 kHz region of the cochlea vibrates nonlinearly at frequencies near the “resonant frequency.” The click response shows that the “tail” of the decaying oscillatory response does not decrease in proportion to click amplitude while the early displacements of the basilar membrane have a nearly linear relationship with click amplitude. These results are in good agreement with the results of the measurements using tones as stimuli. Experiments examining postmortem behavior of the basilar membrane indicate a rapid decrease in the sensitivity of vibration along with a decrease of up to one octave in the “resonant” frequency within a six hour period after the animal's death. The shift in resonant frequency is accompanied by a corresponding shift in the phase characteristic. The low frequency slope of the resonance curve becomes 6 dB/octave exactly as Békésy found while the high frequency slope decreases slightly. Comparison of the mechanical resonance curves with the neural data for single auditory nerve fibers in the squirrel monkey indicates that the exquisite tuning exhibited in the nerve cannot be explained solely on the basis of the mechanical behavior of the basilar membrane.

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