Patterns of Activity in Single Neurons of the Auditory Cortex in Unanesthetized Macaque Monkeys

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Brugge ◽  
M. M. Merzenich
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Macaque Monkeys

scholarly journals Social experience dependent plasticity of mouse song selectivity without that of song components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna Agarwalla ◽  
Sharba Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Male Mouse ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Differential Selectivity ◽  
Social Exposure

Syllable sequences in male mouse ultrasonic-vocalizations (USVs), songs, contain structure - quantified through predictability, like birdsong and aspects of speech. Apparent USV innateness and lack of learnability, discount mouse USVs for modelling speech-like social communication and its deficits. Informative contextual natural sequences (SN) were theoretically extracted and they were preferred by female mice. Primary auditory cortex (A1) supragranular neurons show differential selectivity to the same syllables in SN and random sequences (SR). Excitatory neurons (EXNs) in females showed increases in selectivity to whole SNs over SRs based on extent of social exposure with male, but syllable selectivity remained unchanged. Thus mouse A1 single neurons adaptively represent entire order of acoustic units without altering selectivity of individual units, fundamental to speech perception. Additionally, observed plasticity was replicated with silencing of somatostatin positive neurons, which had plastic effects opposite to EXNs, thus pointing out possible pathways involved in perception of sound sequences.

scholarly journals The Role of Adaptation in Generating Monotonic Rate Codes in Auditory Cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hoon Lee ◽  
Xiaoqin Wang ◽  
Daniel Bendor
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Biophysical Mechanism

AbstractIn primary auditory cortex, slowly repeated acoustic events are represented temporally by phase-locked activity of single neurons. Single-unit studies in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have shown that a sub-population of these neurons also monotonically increase or decrease their average discharge rate during stimulus presentation for higher repetition rates. Building on a computational single-neuron model that generates phase-locked responses with stimulus evoked excitation followed by strong inhibition, we find that stimulus-evoked short-term depression is sufficient to produce synchronized monotonic positive and negative responses to slowly repeated stimuli. By exploring model robustness and comparing it to other models for adaptation to such stimuli, we conclude that short-term depression best explains our observations in single-unit recordings in awake marmosets. Using this model, we emulated how single neurons could encode and decode multiple aspects of an acoustic stimuli with the monotonic positive and negative encoding of a given stimulus feature. Together, our results show that a simple biophysical mechanism in single neurons can allow a more complex encoding and decoding of acoustic stimuli.

Single-Neuron Responses to Rapidly Presented Temporal Sequences in the Primary Auditory Cortex of the Awake Macaque Monkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1726-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Phan ◽  
G. H. Recanzone
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Animal Vocalizations ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Temporal Rate

One fundamental process of the auditory system is to process rapidly occurring acoustic stimuli, which are fundamental components of complex stimuli such as animal vocalizations and human speech. Although the auditory cortex is known to subserve the perception of acoustic temporal events, relatively little is currently understood about how single neurons respond to such stimuli. We recorded the responses of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex of alert monkeys performing an auditory task. The stimuli consisted of four tone pips with equal duration and interpip interval, with the first and last pip of the sequence being near the characteristic frequency of the neuron under study. We manipulated the rate of presentation, the frequency of the middle two tone pips, and the order by which they were presented. Our results indicate that single cortical neurons are ineffective at responding to the individual tone pips of the sequence for pip durations of <12 ms, but did begin to respond synchronously to each pip of the sequence at 18-ms durations. In addition, roughly 40% of the neurons tested were able to discriminate the order that the two middle tone pips were presented in at durations of ≥24 ms. These data place the primate primary auditory cortex at an early processing stage of temporal rate discrimination.

Response Patterns Along an Isofrequency Contour in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex (AI) to Stimuli Varying in Average and Interaural Levels

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Jiping Zhang ◽  
Leonard M. Kitzes
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Characteristic Frequency ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Sound Location ◽  
Interaural Level Differences

The topographical response of a portion of an isofrequency contour in primary cat auditory cortex (AI) to a series of monaural and binaural stimuli was studied. Responses of single neurons to monaural and a matrix of binaural characteristic frequency tones, varying in average binaural level (ABL) and interaural level differences (ILD), were recorded. The topography of responses to monaural and binaural stimuli was appreciably different. Patches of cells that responded monotonically to increments in ABL alternated with patches that responded nonmonotonically to ABL. The patches were between 0.4 and 1 mm in length along an isofrequency contour. Differences were found among monotonic patches and among nonmonotonic patches. Topographically, activated and silent populations of neurons varied with both changes in ILD and changes in ABL, suggesting that the area of responsive units may underlie the coding of sound level and sound location.

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