A Dynamic Analysis of Two‐Dimensional Muscle Force Contributions to Lower Lip Movement

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
J. H. Abbs ◽  
R. Netsell
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lip Movement

NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF AN ELASTIC CABLE

2002 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. ZHAO ◽  
L.H. WANG ◽  
D.L. CHEN ◽  
L.Z. JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Non Linear

Influences of Length and Syntactic Complexity on the Speech Motor Stability of the Fluent Speech of Adults Who Stutter

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kleinow ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stability Characteristic ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lip Movement ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speech Motor

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of utterance length and syntactic complexity on the speech motor stability of adults who stutter. Lower lip movement was recorded from 8 adults who stutter and 8 normally fluent controls. They produced a target phrase in isolation (baseline condition) and the same phrase embedded in utterances of increased length and/or increased syntactic complexity. The spatiotemporal index (STI) was used to quantify the stability of lower lip movements across multiple repetitions of the target phrase. Results indicated: (a) Adults who stutter demonstrated higher overall STI values than normally fluent adults across all experimental conditions, indicating decreased speech motor stability; (b) the speech motor stability of normally fluent adults was not affected by increasing syntactic complexity, but the speech motor stability of adults who stutter decreased when the stimuli were more complex; (c) increasing the length of the target utterance (without increasing syntactic complexity) did not affect the speech motor stability of either speaker group. These results indicate that language formulation processes may affect speech production processes and that the speech motor systems of adults who stutter may be especially susceptible to the linguistic demands required to produce a more complex utterance. The present findings, therefore, support the hypothesis that linguistic complexity is one factor that contributes to the disruptions of speech motor stability characteristic of stuttering.

Two and Three-Dimensional Biomechanical Torso Models for Pushing and Pulling

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
K.S. Lee ◽  
D.B. Chaffin ◽  
F. Aghazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Pushing And Pulling

This paper presents a two and three-dimensional biomechanical torso models for pushing and pulling. The three-dimensional model was developed by dividing the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscle force components into right and left side and by adding the right and left oblique muscle force components to the two-dimensional model. This paper also presents the results of the muscle forces predicted by the two-dimensional model. The predicted muscle forces were compared with the measured EMG(rms) values (root-mean-square electromyogram values) from the corresponding muscles while pushing and pulling. Three different types of isometric pushing and pulling, namely trunk pushing and pulling, hand pushing and pulling in an erect posture with hips braced and hand pushing and pulling in a free posture at three differrent handle heights were studied. The results show that a simple two-dimensional biomechanical model with only one muscle active at a time may not be appropriate for the estimation of the muscle forces on the lower back.

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