Magnitude Estimation and Paired Comparisons as Methods for Evaluating Acceptability of Aircraft Noises

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (1A) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Frank R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Paired Comparisons

Effect of Median Frequency Levels upon the Roughness of Jittered Stimuli

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Roughness Perception

This study investigated the relationship between median frequency levels and roughness perception for jittered stimuli. Five median frequency levels were combined with four jitter excursions to form stimuli which were submitted to 32 listeners, who judged roughness by paired comparisons, rating scale, and magnitude estimation techniques. The results showed the same trends in each of the procedures. Stimuli of lower median frequency were judged to be rougher than those of higher median frequency, for all jitter conditions. The conclusion is that the median frequency levels of jittered wavetrains do affect the perception of roughness in analog stimuli. Whether the same relationship holds for human rough voices must be experimentally verified.

Magnitude Estimation and Cross-Modal Matching of Lingual Vibrotactile and Auditory Sensation

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Thenar Eminence ◽  
Stimulus Range ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Response Biases

The present experiment was a preliminary attempt to use the psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching to investigate suprathreshold judgments of lingual vibrotactile and auditory sensation magnitudes for 20 normal young adult subjects. A 250-Hz lingual vibrotactile stimulus and a 1000-Hz binaural auditory stimulus were employed. To obtain judgments for nonoral vibrotactile sensory magnitudes, the thenar eminence of the hand was also employed as a test site for 5 additional subjects. Eight stimulus intensities were presented during all experimental tasks. The results showed that the slopes of the log-log vibrotactile magnitude estimation functions decreased at higher stimulus intensity levels for both test sites. Auditory magnitude estimation functions were relatively constant throughout the stimulus range. Cross-modal matching functions for the two stimuli generally agreed with functions predicted from the magnitude estimation data, except when subjects adjusted vibration on the tongue to match auditory stimulus intensities. The results suggested that the methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching may be useful for studying sensory processing in the speech production system. However, systematic investigation of response biases associated with vibrotactile-auditory psychophysical scaling tasks appears to be a prerequisite.

Temporal-Gap Detection by Cochlear Prosthesis Users

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Preece ◽  
Richard S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Sensation Level

Minimum-detectable gaps for sinusoidal stimuli were measured for three users of a multi electrode cochlear prosthesis as functions of stimulus level, frequency, and electrode place within the cochlea. Stimulus level was scaled by sensation level and by growth-of-loudness functions generated for each condition by direct magnitude estimation. Minimum-detectable gaps decreased with increase in either sensation level or loudness, up to a plateau. When compared at equal sensation levels, the minimum-detectable gaps decreased with frequency increases. The frequency effect on minimum-detectable gaps is reduced if the data are considered at equal loudness. Comparison across place of stimulation within the cochlea showed minimum-detectable gaps to be shorter for more basal electrode placement at low stimulus levels. No differences in minimum-detectable gap as a function of place were found at higher stimulus levels.

Pleasure as a Sign of Efficacy of Mental Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Cabanac ◽  
Chantal Pouliot ◽  
James Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Macintosh Computer ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Sensory Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mental Tasks

Previous work has shown that sensory pleasure is both the motor and the sign of optimal behaviors aimed at physiological ends. From an evolutionary psychology point of view it may be postulated that mental pleasure evolved from sensory pleasure. Accordingly, the present work tested empirically the hypothesis that pleasure signals efficacious mental activity. In Experiment 1, ten subjects played video-golf on a Macintosh computer. After each hole they were invited to rate their pleasure or displeasure on a magnitude estimation scale. Their ratings of pleasure correlated negatively with the difference par minus performance, i.e., the better the performance the greater the pleasure reported. In Experiments 2 and 3, the pleasure of reading poems was correlated with comprehension, both rated by two groups of subjects, science students and arts students. In the majority of science students pleasure was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only one arts student showed this relationship; this result suggests that the proposed relationship between pleasure and cognitive efficiency is not tautological. Globally, the results support the hypothesis that pleasure is aroused by the same mechanisms, and follows the same laws, in physiological and cognitive mental tasks and also leads to the optimization of performance.

Linguistic Distance and Translation Differential Item Functioning on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Mathematics Assessment Items

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110105
Author(s):  
Semirhan Gökçe ◽  
Giray Berberoğlu ◽  
Craig S. Wells ◽  
Stephen G. Sireci
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mathematics Assessment ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Linguistic Distance ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Country Specific

The 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) involved 57 countries and 43 different languages to assess students’ achievement in mathematics and science. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether items and test scores are affected as the differences between language families and cultures increase. Using differential item functioning (DIF) procedures, we compared the consistency of students’ performance across three combinations of languages and countries: (a) same language but different countries, (b) same countries but different languages, and (c) different languages and different countries. The analyses consisted of the detection of the number of DIF items for all paired comparisons within each condition, the direction of DIF, the magnitude of DIF, and the differences between test characteristic curves. As the countries were more distant with respect to cultures and language families, the presence of DIF increased. The magnitude of DIF was greatest when both language and country differed, and smallest when the languages were same, but the countries were different. Results suggest that when TIMSS results are compared across countries, the language- and country-specific differences which could reflect cultural, curriculum, or other differences should be considered.

scholarly journals Rapid estimation of tsunami earthquake magnitudes at local distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Katsumata ◽  
Masayuki Tanaka ◽  
Takahito Nishimiya
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Tsunami Earthquakes ◽  
Tsunami Earthquake ◽  
The Moment

AbstractA tsunami earthquake is an earthquake event that generates abnormally high tsunami waves considering the amplitude of the seismic waves. These abnormally high waves relative to the seismic wave amplitude are related to the longer rupture duration of such earthquakes compared with typical events. Rapid magnitude estimation is essential for the timely issuance of effective tsunami warnings for tsunami earthquakes. For local events, event magnitude estimated from the observed displacement amplitudes of the seismic waves, which can be obtained before estimation of the seismic moment, is often used for the first tsunami warning. However, because the observed displacement amplitude is approximately proportional to the moment rate, conventional magnitudes of tsunami earthquakes estimated based on the seismic wave amplitude tend to underestimate the event size. To overcome this problem, we investigated several methods of magnitude estimation, including magnitudes based on long-period displacement, integrated displacement, and multiband amplitude distribution. We tested the methods using synthetic waveforms calculated from finite fault models of tsunami earthquakes. We found that methods based on observed amplitudes could not estimate magnitude properly, but the method based on the multiband amplitude distribution gave values close to the moment magnitude for many tsunami earthquakes. In this method, peak amplitudes of bandpass filtered waveforms are compared with those of synthetic records for an assumed source duration and fault mechanism. We applied the multiband amplitude distribution method to the records of events that occurred around the Japanese Islands and to those of tsunami earthquakes, and confirmed that this method could be used to estimate event magnitudes close to the moment magnitudes.

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