Mechanical Response to Electric Stimulation of the Cochlea

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
E. C. Moxon
Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Alessandro Picelli ◽  
Mirko Filippetti ◽  
Giorgio Sandrini ◽  
Cristina Tassorelli ◽  
Roberto De Icco ◽  
...  

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) represents a first-line treatment for spasticity, a common disabling consequence of many neurological diseases. Electrical stimulation of motor nerve endings has been reported to boost the effect of BoNT-A. To date, a wide range of stimulation protocols has been proposed in the literature. We conducted a systematic review of current literature on the protocols of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection in patients with spasticity. A systematic search using the MeSH terms “electric stimulation”, “muscle spasticity” and “botulinum toxins” and strings “electric stimulation [mh] OR electrical stimulation AND muscle spasticity [mh] OR spasticity AND botulinum toxins [mh] OR botulinum toxin type A” was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, PEDro and Cochrane library electronic databases. Full-text articles written in English and published from database inception to March 2021 were included. Data on patient characteristics, electrical stimulation protocols and outcome measures were collected. This systematic review provides a complete overview of current literature on the role of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection for spasticity, together with a critical discussion on its rationale based on the neurobiology of BoNT-A uptake.


Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Osicka ◽  
Miroslav Mrlik ◽  
Marketa Ilcikova ◽  
Barbora Hanulikova ◽  
Pavel Urbanek ◽  
...  

This study is focused on the controllable reduction of the graphene oxide (GO) during the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization technique of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The successful modification was confirmed using TGA-FTIR analysis and TEM microscopy observation of the polymer shell. The simultaneous reduction of the GO particles was confirmed indirectly via TGA and directly via Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity investigations. Enhanced compatibility of the GO-PGMA particles with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric matrix was proven using contact angle measurements. Prepared composites were further investigated through the dielectric spectroscopy to provide information about the polymer chain mobility through the activation energy. Dynamic mechanical properties investigation showed an excellent mechanical response on the dynamic stimulation at a broad temperature range. Thermal conductivity evaluation also confirmed the further photo-actuation capability properties at light stimulation of various intensities and proved that composite material consisting of GO-PGMA particles provide systems with a significantly enhanced capability in comparison with neat GO as well as neat PDMS matrix.


2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wagner ◽  
Christian E. Elger ◽  
Horst Urbach ◽  
Christian G. Bien

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