scholarly journals Short‐Term Human Autocorrelation: Some Preliminary Experimental Evidence

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1A) ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
Richard E. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Labor Drops: Experimental Evidence on the Return to Additional Labor in Microenterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh de Mel ◽  
David McKenzie ◽  
Christopher Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wage Subsidies ◽  
Track Dynamics ◽  
Additional Labor

A field experiment in Sri Lanka provided wage subsidies to randomly chosen microenterprises to test whether hiring additional labor benefits such firms and whether a short-term subsidy can have a lasting impact on firm employment. Using 12 rounds of surveys to track dynamics 4 years after treatment, we find that firms increased employment during the subsidy period. Treated firms were more likely to survive, but there was no lasting impact on employment and no effect on profitability or sales either during or after the subsidy period. There is some heterogeneity in effects; the subsidies have a more durable effect on manufacturers. (JEL C93, J22, J24, J31, J38, O14, O15)

scholarly journals Human Cooperation When Acting Through Autonomous Machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 3482-3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso M. de Melo ◽  
Stacy Marsella ◽  
Jonathan Gratch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Autonomous Machines ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

Recent times have seen an emergence of intelligent machines that act autonomously on our behalf, such as autonomous vehicles. Despite promises of increased efficiency, it is not clear whether this paradigm shift will change how we decide when our self-interest (e.g., comfort) is pitted against the collective interest (e.g., environment). Here we show that acting through machines changes the way people solve these social dilemmas and we present experimental evidence showing that participants program their autonomous vehicles to act more cooperatively than if they were driving themselves. We show that this happens because programming causes selfish short-term rewards to become less salient, leading to considerations of broader societal goals. We also show that the programmed behavior is influenced by past experience. Finally, we report evidence that the effect generalizes beyond the domain of autonomous vehicles. We discuss implications for designing autonomous machines that contribute to a more cooperative society.

The Fleeting Effects of Disclosure Forthcomingness on Management's Reporting Credibility

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disclosure Decisions ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Negative Earnings

This study provides a theoretical framework and experimental evidence on how managers' disclosure decisions affect their credibility with investors. I find that in the short-term, more forthcoming disclosure has a positive effect on management's reporting credibility, especially when management is forthcoming about negative news. However, these short-term credibility effects do not persist over time. In the long-term, managers who report positive earnings news are rated as having higher reporting credibility than managers who report negative earnings news, regardless of their previous disclosure decisions.

scholarly journals Towards biologically constrained attractor models of schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Stein ◽  
Joao Barbosa ◽  
Albert Compte
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Network Simulations

Alterations in neuromodulation or synaptic transmission in biophysical attractor network models, as proposed by the dominant dopaminergic and glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia, successfully mimic working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). Yet, multiple, often opposing circuit mechanisms can lead to the same behavioral patterns in these network models. Here, we critically revise the computational and experimental literature that links NMDAR hypofunction to WM precision loss in PSZ. We show in network simulations that currently available experimental evidence cannot set apart competing mechanistic accounts, and critical points to resolve are firing rate tuning and shared noise modulations by E/I ratio alterations through NMDAR blockade, and possible concomitant deficits in short-term plasticity. We argue that these concerted experimental and computational efforts will lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits in PSZ.

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