Silent Interval Duration as a Perceptual Cue of Speech Pauses

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (1A) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Ruder ◽  
Paul J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Silent Interval ◽  
Interval Duration

Effect of Clear Speech on the Duration of Silent Intervals at Syntactic and Phonemic Boundaries in the Speech of Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2S) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Gravelin ◽  
Jason A. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Silent Interval ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Syntactic Boundaries ◽  
Speaking Style ◽  
Syntactic Context ◽  
Related Increase

Purpose The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the extent to which individuals with and without Parkinson disease (PD) modified silent interval durations when using a clear speaking style. Method Ten individuals with idiopathic PD and 10 older adult control speakers produced a reading passage using both habitual and clear speaking styles. Silent intervals lasting 15 ms and longer were identified and extracted. Each silent interval was categorized according to the surrounding syntactic context of the reading passage. In addition, voiceless stop gaps that occurred within words, phrases, or clauses were categorized by the preceding phonemic context. Results Statistical analyses revealed that all participants increased silent interval duration with a clear speaking style at inter-sentence and intra-sentence syntactic boundaries. Compared to controls, individuals with PD exhibited significantly less increase in silent interval durations at these syntactic boundaries. Control speakers also increased silent stop gap durations in the clear speaking style regardless of preceding phonemic context. Individuals with PD, however, only increased stop gap duration when the silent interval was preceded by a sonorant. Conclusion These findings suggest that speakers with PD exhibit less clarity-related increase in silent interval duration than control speakers. In addition, speakers with PD exhibited significant increases in silent interval duration that coincided with syntactic boundaries of the reading passage but little to no clarity-related modulation of stop gap intervals. Therefore, these data suggest that speakers with PD exhibited changes in silent interval durations that were more so associated with modulation of speech prosody than articulation when using a clearer speaking style.

Perception of the Duration of a Silent Interval in Nonspeech Stimuli: A Test of the Motor Theory of Speech Perception

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Marti Baumrin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Silent Interval ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Continuum

The categorical perception of synthetically produced speech stimuli varying along a single dimension (duration of silent interval) has been used as evidence for a motor theory of speech perception. The suggestion has been made that before language learning, discrimination along the silent-interval-duration continuum is comparable to discrimination along any unidimensional continuum, that is, 2.3 bits of information transmitted. To test this hypothesis, two groups of four subjects each listened to 1200 presentations of a set of 10 stimuli consisting of silent intervals of from 10 to 100 msec bounded by noise bursts. The subjects rated the stimuli on a 10-point scale of stimulus duration. Group I was instructed to make a judgment of long or short before rating. Group II was not instructed to make this categorical judgment. An informational analysis of the resulting confusion matrixes resulted in less than one bit of information transmitted for both groups. It is concluded that discrimination of nonspeech stimuli varying along the continuum of silent interval results in fewer (rather than more) discriminated categories than does the discrimination of speech stimuli varying along the same continuum.

Duration of Silent Interval as a Perceptual Cue of Speech Pauses

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Silent Interval ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Syntactic Relation

The effect of duration of silent interval on the perception of pauses in speech was investigated. The stimuli consisted of 5 recorded sentences within which the words “lost” and “contact” were manipulated so that their syntactic relation to one another varied in complexity from sentence to sentence. Ss, working individually, mechanically adjusted the silent interval duration between the words “lost” and “contact” within each sentence in order to make judgments of (1) the pause-detection threshold, (2) the optimal fluent pause, and (3) the minimal hesitation pause. Across the 5 sentences, the mean durations were 23 msec., 186 msec., and 505 msec. for the three types of pause, respectively. Statistical analysis, however, showed that durations of silent interval for these three types of pause differed significantly only when occurring between phrases. This was not true of within-phrase pauses. Thus, contrary to usual assumptions in the literature, these results suggest that for within-phrase pauses, at least, duration of silent interval is an insufficient perceptual cue for differentiation of fluent and hesitation pauses.

The Effects of Numerical Magnitude Size and Color Saturation on Perceived Interval Duration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Alards-Tomalin ◽  
Jason P. Leboe-McGowan ◽  
Joshua Shaw ◽  
Launa C. Leboe-McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Color Saturation

Sense of time in children with ADHD: Effects of duration, distraction, and stimulant medication

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSSELL A. BARKLEY ◽  
SETH KOPLOWITZ ◽  
TAMARA ANDERSON ◽  
MARY B. McMURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Sense Of Time

A recent theory of ADHD predicts a deficiency in sense of time in the disorder. Two studies were conducted to test this prediction, and to evaluate the effects of interval duration, distraction, and stimulant medication on the reproductions of temporal durations in children with ADHD. Study I: 12 ADHD children and 26 controls (ages 6–14 years) were tested using a time reproduction task in which subjects had to reproduce intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 s. Four trials at each duration were presented with a distraction occurring on half of these trials. Control subjects were significantly more accurate than ADHD children at most durations and were unaffected by the distraction. ADHD children, in contrast, were significantly less accurate when distracted. Both groups became less accurate with increasing durations to be reproduced. Study II: Tested three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) and placebo on the time reproductions of the 12 ADHD children. ADHD children became less accurate with increasing durations and distraction was found to reduce accuracy at 36 s or less. No effects of MPH were evident. The results of these preliminary studies seem to support the prediction that sense of time is impaired in children with ADHD. The capacity to accurately reproduce time intervals in ADHD children does not seem to improve with administration of stimulant medication. (JINS, 1997, 3, 359–369.)

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