Temporary Threshold Shifts Produced by Pure Tones and by Noise in the Absence of an Acoustic Reflex

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (6B) ◽  
pp. 1556-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Mills ◽  
David J. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Pure Tones

Effects of Ethyl Alcohol on the Contralateral and Ipsilateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N. Cohill ◽  
Herbert J. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

Contralateral and ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds were measured in response to 500-, 1000-, and 2000-Hz pure tones after the ingestion of a 50% alcohol solution. Acoustic reflex threshold measurements were obtained preingestion and at blood-alcohol concentrations of 0.03 to 0.10% in 0.01% increments. A linear relationship existed between acoustic reflex threshold and blood-alcohol concentration, with the greatest shift at 0.10% being 11 dB for contralateral stimulation and 7 dB for ipsilateral. No frequency effects were found. Results can be explained by the anatomical differences in the contralateral and ipsilateral pathways.

Aural Acoustic-Immittance Measurements

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wilson ◽  
Janet E. Shanks ◽  
Therese M. Velde
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
The Individual

Bilateral measurements of the aural acoustic-immittance characteristics of the middle-ear transmission systems of 48 subjects were made with an acoustic-admittance meter. The measurements, including static acoustic-immittance, acoustic-reflex thresholds, and acoustic-reflex growth functions, were made using a 220-Hz probe. The contralateral reflex data for three pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) and for broadband noise were acquired in 2-dB steps at sound-pressure levels from 84–116 dB (tones) and 66–116 dB (noise) during ascending- and descending-intensity level runs. For all acoustic-immittance measurements, right ear and left ear comparisons were made and found not to be significantly different. The individual subject data then were expressed as the absolute differences between ears. In this manner normative inter-aural immittance differences were defined. The peak static immittance data were analyzed in terms of median inter-aural differences and upper 80% cut-off values. The 80% range for normal immittance values were smaller for a within subject versus an across subject comparison. For acoustic-reflex thresholds, a disparity between ears of >10 dB was suggested as indicative of an abnormality in the auditory mechanism. Finally, the reflex-growth data indicated mean inter-aural absolute differences that ranged to .040–.043 acoustic mmhos (300–400 acoustic ohms) at the higher reflex activator sound-pressure levels.

Predicting Hearing Loss from the Acoustic Reflex

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Phillip Burney ◽  
Larry Mauldin ◽  
Betsy Crump
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Young Children ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Pure Tones

Acoustic reflex thresholds for pure tones and white noise were used to predict severity of audiometric loss in 1043 ears with sensorineural hearing loss. Both severity and slope of loss were predicted in an additional 113 ears. Prediction was usually quite accurate. Serious errors occurred in only 4% of cases. These findings have important implications for the auditory evaluation of babies and young children.

The Relationship between Magnitude of Hearing Loss and Acoustic Reflex Threshold Levels

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Silman ◽  
Stanley A. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Test Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold ◽  
The Relationship

The acoustic reflex threshold (ART) was studied in 544 ears having hearing levels (ANSI-1969) ranging from 0 to 110 dB HL. The activating signals were pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) presented at levels up to 125 dB HL. The results indicated that the ART increased with hearing loss beyond certain levels. The proportion of absence of reflex responses depends upon the degree of hearing loss, test frequency, and the limits imposed by the instrumentation. Absence of reflex responses is rare for hearing losses of less than about 80 dB HL when the hearing loss is attributable to cochlear involvement.

The Effects of Probe-Tone Frequency on the Acoustic-Reflex Growth Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lutolf ◽  
Honor O'Malley ◽  
Shlomo Silman
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Probe Tone ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
Polynomial Coefficients ◽  
Acoustic Reflexes ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
High Frequency Probe

Acoustic-reflex growth functions (ARGFs) were obtained from 20 normal-hearing listeners, Contralateral acoustic reflexes (ARs) were elicited with pure tones of 2000 Hz. The magnitude of changes in static compliant susceptance (BA) and conductance (GA) were monitored with probe-tone frequencies of 226 Hz, 678 Hz and 1000 Hz. ARGFs were obtained with six combinations of probe-tone frequency/admittance component: 226 Hz BA, 226 Hz GA, 678 Hz BA, 678 Hz GA, 1000 Hz BA, and 1000 Hz GA. Peak conductance (GA) and susceptance (BA) ARs were largest within the 678 Hz GA and 1000 Hz BAARGFs, respectively. Among high-frequency probe tones, the patterns of AR growth were larger and less variable for the 678 Hz GA ARGF and the 1000 Hz BA ARGF as determined by the magnitude of their linear (b1) and quadratic (b2) polynomial coefficients and the value of their squared correlation coefficients (R2).

Clinical Acoustic Reflex Threshold Measurements in Infants

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Abahazi ◽  
Herbert J. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold ◽  
High Pass

Acoustic reflex thresholds elicited using clinical acoustic impedance techniques were obtained on normal infants between one month and one year of age. Reflex activating signals of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz, low-pass, high-pass, and white noise were used. Less intensity was required to elicit the acoustic reflex to the noise than to the pure tones, with the 500-Hz tone requiring the greatest intensity. Inference of auditory thresholds from the acoustic reflex indicated the presence of normal hearing in the infant group.

Value of Special Auditory Tests in the Latero-Medial Inferior Pontine Syndrome

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Noffsinger ◽  
Sabina Kurdziel ◽  
Edward L. Applebaum
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Level Difference ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Masking Level Difference ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
First Time

Results from a special battery of auditory tests are used to document, for the first time, recovery from a total unilateral hearing loss occurring as part of a latero-medial inferior pontine syndrome. Although sensitivity for pure tones and speech was regained within two months of onset, definite retrocochlear signs persisted for nine months. The tests which best demonstrated the lingering retrocochlear abnormality were binaural masking level difference procedures for 500 Hz pure tones and speech and examination of the amplitude of the acoustic reflex over a ten second time period. The relative sensitivity of other speech and pure tone tasks in detecting the retrocochlear problem is detailed.

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