Transitions in American English /s/ as Cues to the Identity of Adjacent Stop Consonants

1967 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Stop Consonants

An Electromyographic Study of Velopharyngeal Function in Speech

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredericka Bell-Berti
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
American English ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from the levator palatini, superior pharyngeal constrictor, middle pharyngeal constrictor, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus muscles of three talkers of American English. Bipolar hooked-wire electrodes were used. Each subject read nonsense words composed of three vowels (/i, a, u/), six stop consonants (/p, b, t, d, k, g/), and two nasal consonants (/m, n/) to form various stop-nasal and nasal-stop contrasts. Multiple repetitions of each utterance type were recorded and subsequently processed by computer. The levator palatini was found to be the primary muscle of velopharyngeal closure for each of the subjects. The palatopharyngeus also showed consistent oralization activity for each of the subjects, although the activity of this muscle was strongly affected by vowel environment. Two subjects showed pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity related to oral articulation, but pharyngeal constrictor activity for the third subject was related to vowel quality. Nasal articulation was accomplished by suppression of oral articulation for each subject. Vowel quality affected the strength of EMG signals for lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall muscles. In those cases where activity was different for the three vowels, activity was greatest for /a/.

scholarly journals The duration of American-English stop consonants: an overview

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Crystal ◽  
Arthur S. House
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Stop Consonants

The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: a study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlys A. Macken ◽  
David Barton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
American English ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
English Word ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
Competing Models

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on a longitudinal study of the acquisition of the voicing contrast in American English word-initial stop consonants, as measured by voice onset time. Four monolingual children were recorded at two-week intervals, beginning when the children were about 1; 6. Data provide evidence for three general stages: (1) the child has no contrast; (2) the child has a contrast but one that falls within the adult perceptual boundaries of one (usually voiced) phoneme and thus is presumably not perceptible to adults; and (3) the child has a contrast that resembles the adult contrast. The rate and nature of the developmental process are discussed in relation to two competing models for phonological acquisition and two hypotheses regarding the skills being learned.

Predictability of stop consonant phonetics across talkers: Between-category and within-category dependencies among cues for place and voice

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Chodroff ◽  
Colin Wilson
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Lower Dimensional Space

AbstractThe present study investigates patterns of covariation among acoustic properties of stop consonants in a large multi-talker corpus of American English connected speech. Relations among talker means for different stops on the same dimension (between-category covariation) were considerably stronger than those for different dimensions of the same stop (within-category covariation). The existence of between-category covariation supports a uniformity principle that restricts the mapping from phonological features to phonetic targets in the sound system of each speaker. This principle was formalized with factor analysis, in which observed covariation derives from a lower-dimensional space of talker variation. Knowledge of between-category phonetic covariation could facilitate perceptual adaptation to novel talkers by providing a rational basis for generalizing idiosyncratic properties to several sounds on the basis of limited exposure.

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