Application of three-dimensional resonant acoustic spectroscopy method to rock and building materials

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1770-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Ostrovsky ◽  
Andrey Lebedev ◽  
Alexander Matveyev ◽  
Andrey Potapov ◽  
Alexander Sutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Acoustic Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Numerical Network Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer through Capillary-Porous Building Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Borys Basok ◽  
Borys Davydenko ◽  
Anatoliy M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The article presents the modeling of the dynamics of the vapor-gas mixture and heat and mass transfer (sorption-desorption) in the capillary structure of the porous medium. This approach is underpinned by the fact that the porous structure is represented by a system of linear microchannels oriented along the axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The equivalent diameter of these channels corresponds to the average pore diameter, and the ratio of the total pore volume to the volume of the entire porous material corresponds to its porosity. The entire channel area is modeled by a set of cubic elements with a certain humidity, moisture content, pressure and temperature. A simulation is carried out taking into account the difference in temperatures of each of the phases: solid, liquid and gas.

scholarly journals Characteristic of materials for the 3D printed building constructions by additive printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pacewicz ◽  
Anna Sobotka ◽  
Łukasz Gołek
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Three dimensional printing is a promising new technology to erect construction objects. Around the world in every moment a new prototypes constructions are made by using this method. Three dimensional printing is taken into account as technology which can be used to print constructions in automated way on the Moon or Mars. The raw materials, which can be used with three dimensional printing have to fulfil basic requirements for those which are used in construction. That means that components of printing mortars are made from ingredients easily accessible in area nearby construction site and can be reusable. The cost of printing building objects due to that requirements is comparable to costs of traditional building, which are currently available. However additive techniques of printing needs a dedicated mortars for printer supplying. Characteristic for such mortars is: setting time, compressive strength, followability in the printing system, shape stability of every printed layer, controlling the hydration rate to ensure bonding with the subsequent layer, reusable capabilities, easily accessible raw materials, cost of such mixtures shouldn’t be too high in order to keep 3D printing competitive for traditional ways of building, mortar components should be recyclable and printing process should not influence negatively on an environment and people. All properties of printing mortars are determined by the device for additive application method. In this paper review of available materials used for three dimensional printing technology at construction site is presented. Presented materials were analysed in terms of requirements for building materials technology. Due to the lack of detailed information’s in available literature, regarding to the properties of raw materials, the results of this analysis may be used in the designing of new concrete mixtures for the use in three-dimensional printing technology for construction.

Diagnostics of Advanced Power Intensive Power Sources Based on the Acoustic Spectroscopy Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spectroscopy Method ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Acoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Noise Diagnostics

Objective of this article is to develop a method for lithium chemical current sources diagnostics, which would ensure high reliability in assessing their technical state (primarily, the discharge degree) close to potentially achievable introduction of the acoustic spectroscopy method. Today, microcalorimetric studies and methods of impedance and noise spectroscopy make it possible to predict the lithium chemical current sources service life. However, implementation of the microcalorimetric studies result requires a lot of time accompanied by using stationary and large-size equipment, which is practically impossible in the autonomous conditions. Application of the impedance spectroscopy method provides satisfactory results only with high degrees of discharge. In the range of 0--30 %, it is very difficult to determine the discharge degree, since noticeable alteration in the correlate within its deviation from the mean value is missing. In this regard, it is proposed in order to provide diagnostics of the lithium chemical current sources in the region of initial degrees of discharge to introduce the noise diagnostics method. In order to increase reliability of the diagnostic estimates, it is advisable to use acoustic spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of lithium chemical current sources. Results of the preliminary measurements analysis confirm the prospects of using the acoustic spectroscopy method in assessing the current state of primary lithium chemical current sources. Experimental studies of the lithium chemical current sources response to acoustic (mechanical) action made it possible to determine a set of parameters characterizing the proposed methodological approach. This provided a possibility to search for correlation dependences of the lithium chemical current sources spectral characteristics on the degree of their discharge. This makes it possible to use the method of acoustic spectroscopy in prompt and reliable diagnostics of the primary current sources in the region of low discharge degrees

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for Historic Buildings Diagnosis: The Case Study of the Kaisariani Monastery

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Georgia Mourgi ◽  
Elisavet Tsilimantou ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Sustainable Protection

In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach regarding diagnostic study processes is presented, using as an example the Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery in Attica, Greece. Kaisariani Monastery is considered one of the most important Byzantine architectural complexes in Greece. The Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery was built during the middle Byzantine period, and has undergone many reconstructions during the centuries. It is a semi-complex, four-columned, cross-in-square church, with a cloisonné masonry. The suggested diagnostic processes included the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporated: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation; (b) data of geometric documentation; and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis. The historical and general architectural data were acquired by thorough bibliographical/archival research. Geometric documentation data were acquired by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner for the creation of the Catholicon section drawings, whereas image based photogrammetric techniques were utilized for the creation of a 3D textured model, from which orthoimages and architectural drawings of the Catholicon façades were developed. In parallel, characterization of building materials and identification of decay patterns took place after the onsite application of the nondestructive techniques of digital microscopy, infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar. These vast array kinds of data were elaborated and integrated into the architectural drawings, developing thematic maps that record and represent the current preservation state of the monument, a concerning major construction phases, the most important conservation intervention projects, building materials and decay. Furthermore, data quantification regarding the extent of building materials and decay at each monument’s façade took place. Therefore, correlation and better understanding of the environmental impact on building materials according to façade orientation and historical data, e.g., construction phases, was accomplished. In conclusion, the presented processes are multidisciplinary tasks that require collaboration among architects, surveyor engineers and materials scientists/engineers. They are also prerequisites for the planning and application of compatible and efficient conservation/restoration interventions, for the ultimate goal of the sustainable protection of a monument.

Poplar Wood Stain Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 672-676
Author(s):  
De Jun Shen ◽  
Wei Qiao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Wood Color ◽  
Bright Color

With the high quality natural forest resources dwindling , since some species of wood with natural colors, such as pumping wood , ebony, rosewood , etc., not only material of high value , but also very expensive wood color . However, these are expensive and precious wood in short supply and will therefore valuable timber and wood stain to meet the market demand is similar . Low-quality hardwood stained only bright color, texture clear , three-dimensional sense of strong, but without losing the characteristics of natural wood , and organize production according to market demand the formation of industrialized products in order to improve the utilization of low-quality wood , decorative building materials to increase the existing varieties purposes. Therefore, the use of poplar simulate the market needed precious wood has important practical significance . In addition, light color white poplar wood , in the natural growth process still exists heartwood and sapwood and sooner or later material defects such as chromatic aberration , especially wood treatment is not promptly will result in discoloration, the direct use of the logs are often unable to meet the requirements of decoration . Therefore . The thicker sheet dyed precious poplar wood color , and then prepared to meet the customer poplar wood timber strength and decorative requirements, improve the added value of the use of wood , particularly after dyeing material available performance has been greatly improved.

The Research on the Influence of the Forms of Foundation on the Behavior of Adjacent Excavation Based on Building Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 606-610
Author(s):  
Qing Xiang Ji ◽  
Xin Sheng Ge
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Foundation pit excavation could be affected to some extent by surrounding different kinds of building materials, building structure, foundation form and load distribution, especially in intensive buildings. In this paper, based on the large-scale finite element software ANSYS, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the consequences of these complex and uncertain factors faced with by deep excavation projects and the conclusions of the excavation affected by different foundations form of adjacent buildings are arrived at.

scholarly journals Material Design and Performance Evaluation of Foam Concrete for Digital Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markin ◽  
Nerella ◽  
Schröfl ◽  
Guseynova ◽  
Mechtcherine
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Fresh State

Three-dimensional (3D) printing with foam concrete, which is known for its distinct physical and mechanical properties, has not yet been purposefully investigated. The article at hand presents a methodological approach for the mixture design of 3D-printable foam concretes and a systematic investigation of the potential application of this type of material in digital construction. Three different foam concrete compositions with water-to-binder ratios between 0.33–0.36 and densities of 1100 to 1580 kg/m³ in the fresh state were produced with a prefoaming technique using a protein-based foaming agent. Based on the fresh-state tests, including 3D printing as such, an optimum composition was identified, and its compressive and flexural strengths were characterized. The printable foam concrete showed low thermal conductivity and relatively high compressive strengths of above 10 MPa; therefore, it fulfilled the requirements for building materials used for load-bearing wall elements in multi-story houses. Thus, it is suitable for 3D-printing applications, while fulfilling both load-carrying and insulating functions.

Prediction of Effective Heat Storage Coefficient of Multi-Phase Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
R.S. Beniwal ◽  
Manju Dabas ◽  
Ramvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Storage Coefficient ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Effective Heat ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Predicted Values

A theoretical model, to predict effective heat storage coefficient (HSC) from the values of HSCs of the constituent phases and their volume fractions for real two-phase systems is presented and is extended to three-phase moist materials, assuming an effective continuous medium (ECM) approach. Particles are assumed to be ellipsoidal in shape and arranged in three-dimensional cubic array. The arrangement has been divided into unit cells, each of which contains an ellipsoid. The HSC of the unit cell has been determined by applying resistor model. To take account of the non-linear flow of heat flux lines in real systems, incorporating an empirical correction factor in the place of physical porosity modifies an expression for HSC. An effort is made to correlate it in terms of the ratio of HSCs of the constituents and the physical porosity. To test the validity of the derived expression, the HSC of some building materials saturated with different liquids have been determined. The HSC of metal powders and metallic oxides at varying temperatures have also been determined. A good agreement has been found between the experimental and the predicted values reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Cells and building structures. Part I.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Géza Lámer
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
Surface Construction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dimensional Cell

AbstractThe rooms of each building can be interpreted as three-dimensional cells. Borders (sides, edges) of rooms can be identified as the two-, one-, or zero-dimensional boundary cells of the three dimensional cell. The building structures identified as two-, one-, or zero-dimensional cells can be modeled by distinguished geometrical forms, surface-, line-, and point-like bodies. In accordance with the latter, building materials (finished products) can also be considered as surface-, line-, and point-like bodies.The aim of the study is to create compliance between the cell elements and the building structures. It will be done at different levels:– interpretation of relationship between building construction and cells,– interpretation of relationship between building construction and selected bodies,– interpretation the loadbearing's structure using cells,– structure of the surface-construction and the cells,– interpretation building types using cells.In this paper (as part I) the first two items will be studied. The other three cases will be studied in another paper (as part II).

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