Effects of long-term atmospheric variability on the width of a sonic-boom carpet produced by high-flying supersonic aircraft

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Heimann
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Boom ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft

Meteorological Parameters Affecting Supersonic Transport Operations

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scherhag ◽  
Gunter Warnecke ◽  
Werner Wehry
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Sonic Boom ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Initial Task

In 1965, following the Eastbourne Conference, the British, French and German Institutes of Navigation formed a Working Group to make a study of the environment in which the supersonic transport will operate and of its implications for the navigation of such aircraft. The Group's initial task has been one of education, largely through discussion of a series of papers submitted to it. Some of the papers considered have already been published in the Journal (Vol. 19) and a further selection is published below. Table I was contributed by Mr. G. E. Beck. The illustrations to these papers have not all been reproduced.1. Atmospheric Conditions. It will be useful to distinguish between different kinds of atmospheric influences on supersonic aircraft operations. They may be classed as follows:(a) Sporadic effects near the ground(b) Sporadic effects in the free atmosphere(c) Effects on sonic boom(d) Effects of atmospheric ozone(e) Permanently effective atmospheric parameters, such as temperature, density and wind.

Long-term atmospheric variability on Uranus and Neptune

Icarus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Hammel ◽  
G.W. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Variability

Reduction of the sonic boom level in supersonic aircraft flight by the method of surface cooling

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Fomin ◽  
V. F. Chirkashenko ◽  
V. F. Volkov ◽  
A. M. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Boom ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Supersonic Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Flight

scholarly journals Consistency and quality assessment of the Metop-A/IASI and Metop-B/IASI operational trace gas products (O<sub>3</sub>, CO, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>) in the subtropical North Atlantic

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2315-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omaira Elena García ◽  
Eliezer Sepúlveda ◽  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Thomas August ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Atmospheric Variations

Abstract. This paper presents the tools and methodology for performing a routine comprehensive monitoring of consistency and quality of IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) trace gas Level 2 (L2) products (O3, CO, N2O, CH4, and CO2) generated at EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) using ground-based observations at the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory (IZO, Tenerife). As a demonstration the period 2010–2014 was analysed, covering the version 5 of the IASI L2 processor. Firstly, we assess the consistency between the total column (TC) observations from the IASI sensors on board the EUMETSAT Metop-A and Metop-B meteorological satellites (IASI-A and IASI-B respectively) in the subtropical North Atlantic region during the first 2 years of IASI-B operations (2012–2014). By analysing different timescales, we probe the daily and annual consistency of the variability observed by IASI-A and IASI-B and thereby assess the suitability of IASI-B for continuation of the IASI-A time series. The continuous intercomparison of both IASI sensors also offers important diagnostics for identifying inconsistencies between the data records and for documenting their temporal stability. Once the consistency of IASI sensors is documented we estimate the overall accuracy of all the IASI trace gas TC products by comparing to coincident ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTS) measurements performed at IZO from 2010 to 2014. The IASI L2 products reproduce the ground-based FTS observations well at the longest temporal scales, i.e. annual cycles and long-term trends for all the trace gases considered (Pearson correlation coefficient, R, larger than 0.95 and 0.75 for long-term trends and annual cycles respectively) with the exception of CO2. For CO2 acceptable agreement is only achieved for long-term trends (R ∼ 0.70). The differences observed between IASI and FTS observations can be in part attributed to the different vertical sensitivities of the two remote sensing instruments and also to the degree of maturity of the IASI products: O3 and CO are pre-operational, while N2O, CH4, and CO2 are, for the period covered by this study, aspirational products only and are not considered mature. Regarding shorter timescales (single or daily measurements), only the O3 product seems to show good sensitivity to actual atmospheric variations (R ∼ 0.80), while the CO product is only moderately sensitive (R ∼ 0.50). For the remainder of the trace gases, further improvements would be required to capture the day-to-day real atmospheric variability.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of weather and climate on large wildfires in France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Barbero ◽  
Thomas Curt ◽  
Anne Ganteaume ◽  
Eric Maillé ◽  
Marielle Jappiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Change Context ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Large wildfires across parts of France can cause devastating damages which put lives, infrastructures, and natural ecosystem at risk. One of the most challenging questions in the climate change context is how these large wildfires relate to weather and climate and how they might change in a warmer world. Such projections rely on the development of a robust modeling framework linking wildfires to atmospheric variability. Drawing from a MODIS product and a gridded meteorological dataset, we derived a suite of biophysical and fire danger indices and developed generalized linear models simulating the probability of large wildfires (> 100 ha) at 8-km spatial and daily temporal resolutions across the entire country over the MODIS period. The models were skillful in reproducing the main spatio-temporal patterns of large wildfires across different environmental regions. Long-term drought was found to be a significant predictor of large wildfires in flammability-limited systems such as the Alpine and Southwest regions. In the Mediterranean, large wildfires were found to be associated with both short-term fire weather conditions and longer-term soil moisture deficits, collectively facilitating the occurrence of large wildfires. Simulated probabilities during the day of large wildfires were on average 2–3 times higher than normal with respect to the mean seasonal cycle. The model has wide applications, including improving our understanding of the drivers of large wildfires over the historical period and providing a basis to estimate future changes to large wildfire from climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sun photometer Langley calibration at the high-elevation sites Mauna Loa and Izaña

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Toledano ◽  
Ramiro González ◽  
David Fuertes ◽  
Emilio Cuevas ◽  
Thomas F. Eck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Calibration Uncertainty

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze the suitability of the high-mountain stations Mauna Loa and Izaña for Langley plot calibration of Sun photometers. Thus the aerosol optical depth (AOD) characteristics and seasonality, as well as the cloudiness, have been investigated in order to provide a robust estimation of the calibration accuracy, as well as the number of days that are suitable for Langley calibrations. The data used for the investigations belong to AERONET and GAW-PFR networks, which maintain reference Sun photometers at these stations with long measurement records: 22 years at Mauna Loa and 15 years at Izaña. In terms of clear sky and stable aerosol conditions, Mauna Loa (3397 m a.s.l.) exhibits on average of 377 Langleys (243 morning and 134 afternoon) per year suitable for Langley plot calibration, whereas Izaña (2373 m a.s.l.) shows 343 Langleys (187 morning and 155 afternoon) per year. The background AOD (500 nm wavelength) values, on days that are favorable for Langley calibrations, are in the range 0.01–0.02 throughout the year, with well-defined seasonality that exhibits a spring maximum at both stations plus a slight summer increase at Izaña. The statistical analysis of the long-term determination of extraterrestrial signals yields to a calibration uncertainty of ~ 0.2–0.5 %, being this uncertainty smaller in the near infrared and larger in the ultraviolet wavelengths. This is due to atmospheric variability that cannot be reduced based only on quality criteria of individual Langely plots.

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