Electric fields in steady-state superconductivity according to London theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 872-877
Author(s):  
B. Nasmith ◽  
N. Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
London Theory

Numerical study of electric field effects on the deformation of two-dimensional liquid drops in simple shear flow at arbitrary Reynolds number

2009 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 367-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN MÄHLMANN ◽  
DEMETRIOS T. PAPAGEORGIOU
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Simple Shear Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Drops

The effect of an electric field on a periodic array of two-dimensional liquid drops suspended in simple shear flow is studied numerically. The shear is produced by moving the parallel walls of the channel containing the fluids at equal speeds but in opposite directions and an electric field is generated by imposing a constant voltage difference across the channel walls. The level set method is adapted to electrohydrodynamics problems that include a background flow in order to compute the effects of permittivity and conductivity differences between the two phases on the dynamics and drop configurations. The electric field introduces additional interfacial stresses at the drop interface and we perform extensive computations to assess the combined effects of electric fields, surface tension and inertia. Our computations for perfect dielectric systems indicate that the electric field increases the drop deformation to generate elongated drops at steady state, and at the same time alters the drop orientation by increasing alignment with the vertical, which is the direction of the underlying electric field. These phenomena are observed for a range of values of Reynolds and capillary numbers. Computations using the leaky dielectric model also indicate that for certain combinations of electric properties the drop can undergo enhanced alignment with the vertical or the horizontal, as compared to perfect dielectric systems. For cases of enhanced elongation and alignment with the vertical, the flow positions the droplets closer to the channel walls where they cause larger wall shear stresses. We also establish that a sufficiently strong electric field can be used to destabilize the flow in the sense that steady-state droplets that can exist in its absence for a set of physical parameters, become increasingly and indefinitely elongated until additional mechanisms can lead to rupture. It is suggested that electric fields can be used to enhance such phenomena.

scholarly journals Mapping of steady-state electric fields and convective drifts in geomagnetic fields – Part 1: Elementary models

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Walker ◽  
G. J. Sofko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Magnetic Field Line ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field Models ◽  
Spatial Derivatives ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. When studying magnetospheric convection, it is often necessary to map the steady-state electric field, measured at some point on a magnetic field line, to a magnetically conjugate point in the other hemisphere, or the equatorial plane, or at the position of a satellite. Such mapping is relatively easy in a dipole field although the appropriate formulae are not easily accessible. They are derived and reviewed here with some examples. It is not possible to derive such formulae in more realistic geomagnetic field models. A new method is described in this paper for accurate mapping of electric fields along field lines, which can be used for any field model in which the magnetic field and its spatial derivatives can be computed. From the spatial derivatives of the magnetic field three first order differential equations are derived for the components of the normalized element of separation of two closely spaced field lines. These can be integrated along with the magnetic field tracing equations and Faraday's law used to obtain the electric field as a function of distance measured along the magnetic field line. The method is tested in a simple model consisting of a dipole field plus a magnetotail model. The method is shown to be accurate, convenient, and suitable for use with more realistic geomagnetic field models.

scholarly journals Determination of the zeta potential for highly charged colloidal suspensions

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1945) ◽  
pp. 2546-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Giupponi ◽  
Ignacio Pagonabarraga
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Lattice Resolution

We compute the electrostatic potential at the surface, or zeta potential ζ , of a charged particle embedded in a colloidal suspension using a hybrid mesoscopic model. We show that, for weakly perturbing electric fields, the value of ζ obtained at steady state during electrophoresis is statistically indistinguishable from ζ in thermodynamic equilibrium. We quantify the effect of counter-ion concentration on ζ . We also evaluate the relevance of the lattice resolution for the calculation of ζ and discuss how to identify the effective electrostatic radius.

Structure of a singly ionizing current sheet propagating in a low density gas

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 1769-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Pert
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Current Sheet ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Ionization Region ◽  
Electron Mean Free Path ◽  
Two Fluid

The structure of a singly ionizing current sheet is examined under steady-state conditions. Convergent solutions are only found in the presence of ambient transverse magnetic and electric fields. A collision-free model is used to approximate to the ionization region in the front. This solution is cut off at the electron mean free path and matched to a collision-dominated magnetohydrodynamic two-fluid calculation for the back of the sheet. The conditions for the establishment of a steady state are examined for these solutions.

scholarly journals Ultrafast dynamics of carriers and phonons of photoinjected double-plasma in aluminium nitride

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2 Mar-Apr) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
C. Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
R. Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Operator Method ◽  
Ultrafast Dynamics ◽  
Transient Transport ◽  
Nonequilibrium Temperature ◽  
Statistical Operator

Aluminum nitride is attracting great interest of the industry and scientific community due to its interesting properties. In this paper is performed a theoretical study on the ultrafast transient transport properties of photoinjected carriers in wurtzite AlN subjected to electric fields up to 80 kV/cm. For this, the Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method was used. The evolution towards the steady state of drift velocity of carriers (electrons and holes) and nonequilibrium temperature (carriers and phonons) subpicosecond scale were determined.

Steady-state deformation of a vesicle in alternating electric fields

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Hyuga ◽  
Kazuhiko Kinosita ◽  
Nobuyoshi Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Alternating Electric Fields
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