Understanding probabilistic interpretations of physical systems: A prerequisite to learning quantum physics

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Bao ◽  
Edward F. Redish
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Physical Systems

scholarly journals Determinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Edward A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Newton’S Laws ◽  
And Behavior

This article is about deterministic models, what they are, why they are useful, and what their limitations are. First, the article emphasizes that determinism is a property of models, not of physical systems. Whether a model is deterministic or not depends on how one defines the inputs and behavior of the model. To define behavior, one has to define an observer. The article compares and contrasts two classes of ways to define an observer, one based on the notion of “state” and another that more flexibly defines the observables. The notion of “state” is shown to be problematic and lead to nondeterminism that is avoided when the observables are defined differently. The article examines determinism in models of the physical world. In what may surprise many readers, it shows that Newtonian physics admits nondeterminism and that quantum physics may be interpreted as a deterministic model. Moreover, it shows that both relativity and quantum physics undermine the notion of “state” and therefore require more flexible ways of defining observables. Finally, the article reviews results showing that sufficiently rich sets of deterministic models are incomplete. Specifically, nondeterminism is inescapable in any system of models rich enough to encompass Newton’s laws.

scholarly journals Einstein’s Local Realism vs. Bohr’s Instrumental Anti-Realism: The Debate Between Two Titans in the Quantum Theory Arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.

scholarly journals Einstein’s Local Realism vs. Bohr’s Instrumental Anti-Realism: The Debate Between Two Titans in the Quantum Theory Arena

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Eduardo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the historical debate between materialism and idealism, in the field of Philosophy, extends, in new clothes, to the field of Quantum Physics characterized by realism and anti-realism. For this, we opted for a debate, also historical, between the realism of Albert Einstein, for whom reality exists regardless of the existence of the knowing subject, and Niels Bohr, for whom we do not have access to the ultimate reality of the matter, unless conditioning it to the existence of an observer endowed with rationality, position adopted in the Interpretation of Complementarity (1927) – posture that was expanded in 1935 when Bohr assumed a “relationalist” conception, according to which the quantum state is defined by the relationship between the quantum object and the entire measuring device. This is an extremely important debate, as it further consolidates the results of nascent Quantum Mechanics, guaranteeing Bohr the leadership of the orthodoxy based on the interpretation of complementarity. Here, when dealing with Quantum Theory, we will not make any distinction between the terms Quantum Physics, Quantum Theory or Quantum Mechanics. The entire discussion will be held under the name “Quantum Theory”. Theory that tries to analyze and describe the behavior of physical systems of reduced dimensions, close to the sizes of molecules, atoms and subatomic particles. We hope that the reader will appreciate the genius of these two titans in this field of Physics when they magnificently formulate the arguments that support the object of their defenses.

scholarly journals On the Semi-Local Convergence of an Ostrowski-Type Method for Solving Equations

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2281
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Argyros ◽  
Ioannis K. Argyros ◽  
Janak Joshi ◽  
Samundra Regmi ◽  
Santhosh George
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Convergence Analysis ◽  
Local Convergence ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Solving Equations ◽  
Abstract Spaces

Symmetries play a crucial role in the dynamics of physical systems. As an example, microworld and quantum physics problems are modeled on principles of symmetry. These problems are then formulated as equations defined on suitable abstract spaces. Then, these equations can be solved using iterative methods. In this article, an Ostrowski-type method for solving equations in Banach space is extended. This is achieved by finding a stricter set than before containing the iterates. The convergence analysis becomes finer. Due to the general nature of our technique, it can be utilized to enlarge the utilization of other methods. Examples finish the paper.

scholarly journals Instructional Design for Student Learning on Quantum Tunneling

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Shova Kanta Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Physics Courses ◽  
University Level ◽  
Physics Course

Acquiring mathematical, conceptual, and problem-solving skill is required in university-level physics courses. Average students often lack the knowledge and study skills need to succeed in physics, preciously in quantum physics course. The reasons for these difficulties are more subtle and some of them are brought to the surface. Addressing how to build models of wave functions and energy and how to relate these models to real physical systems is a challenging job. Article has opened up a floodgate of deep and difficult task for students struggle to make sense of these models. Article has discuss the difficulties and the real issues of student in learning quantum tunneling to build the models that are implicit in experts’ understanding. So that, in addition to class attendance and/or group study, students must also learn to work by themselves to develop the mathematical, conceptual, and problem-solving skills they need.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 27-34

scholarly journals Symmetry Breaking in Stochastic Dynamics and Turbulence

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Michal Hnatič ◽  
Juha Honkonen ◽  
Tomáš Lučivjanský
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Outer Length ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Symmetry Principles ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
Galilean Symmetry

Symmetries play paramount roles in dynamics of physical systems. All theories of quantum physics and microworld including the fundamental Standard Model are constructed on the basis of symmetry principles. In classical physics, the importance and weight of these principles are the same as in quantum physics: dynamics of complex nonlinear statistical systems is straightforwardly dictated by their symmetry or its breaking, as we demonstrate on the example of developed (magneto)hydrodynamic turbulence and the related theoretical models. To simplify the problem, unbounded models are commonly used. However, turbulence is a mesoscopic phenomenon and the size of the system must be taken into account. It turns out that influence of outer length of turbulence is significant and can lead to intermittency. More precisely, we analyze the connection of phenomena such as behavior of statistical correlations of observable quantities, anomalous scaling, and generation of magnetic field by hydrodynamic fluctuations with symmetries such as Galilean symmetry, isotropy, spatial parity and their violation and finite size of the system.

scholarly journals Operational approach to entanglement and how to certify it

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kupczynski
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Operational Approach ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Quantum Phenomenon ◽  
Sample Homogeneity

Entangled physical systems are an important resource in quantum information. Many papers were published trying to grasp the meaning of entanglement. It was noticed that a Hilbert space of possible state vectors of compound physical system can be partitioned by introducing various tensor product structures induced by the experimentally accessible observables (interactions and measurements). In this sense, the entanglement is relative to a particular set of experimental capabilities. Inspired by these results some authors claim that in fact all quantum states are entangled. In this paper, we show that this claim is incorrect and we discuss in operational way differences existing between separable and entangled states. A sufficient condition for entanglement is the violation of Bell–CHSH-CH inequalities and/or steering inequalities. Since there exist experiments outside the domain of quantum physics violating these inequalities therefore in the operational approach one cannot say that the entanglement is an exclusive quantum phenomenon. We also explain that an unambiguous experimental certification of the entanglement is a difficult task because classical statistical significance tests may not be trusted if sample homogeneity cannot be tested or is not tested carefully enough.

Quantum Physics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair I. M. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics

Quantum Physics

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Bellac
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics
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