TH-CD-207B-07: Noise Modeling of Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) for Photon Counting CT Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6Part46) ◽  
pp. 3890-3890
Author(s):  
Z Cheng ◽  
X Zheng ◽  
J Deen ◽  
H Peng ◽  
L Xing
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Noise Modeling

Design considerations of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode for photon-counting communication

Optik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 1134-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Xu ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Design Considerations

Multipixel single-photon avalanche diode array for parallel photon counting applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Rech ◽  
Stefano Marangoni ◽  
Daniele Resnati ◽  
Massimo Ghioni ◽  
Sergio Cova
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Avalanche Diode

Photon counting heterodyne with a single photon avalanche diode

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Guangmeng Guo ◽  
Kangjian Hua ◽  
Weiqiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode

scholarly journals Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Bruschini ◽  
Harald Homulle ◽  
Ivan Michel Antolovic ◽  
Samuel Burri ◽  
Edoardo Charbon
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

Abstract Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance. This fascinating technology has progressed at a very fast pace in the past 15 years, since its inception in standard CMOS technology in 2003. A host of architectures have been investigated, ranging from simpler implementations, based solely on off-chip data processing, to progressively “smarter” sensors including on-chip, or even pixel level, time-stamping and processing capabilities. As the technology has matured, a range of biophotonics applications have been explored, including (endoscopic) FLIM, (multibeam multiphoton) FLIM-FRET, SPIM-FCS, super-resolution microscopy, time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, NIROT and PET. We will review some representative sensors and their corresponding applications, including the most relevant challenges faced by chip designers and end-users. Finally, we will provide an outlook on the future of this fascinating technology.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Compact Single-Photon Counting Module

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Chenghao Li ◽  
Alan P. Morrison ◽  
Shijie Deng ◽  
Chuanxin Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Reverse Bias Voltage ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Off Time

A compact single-photon counting module that can accurately control the bias voltage and hold-off time is developed in this work. The module is a microcontroller-based system which mainly consists of a microcontroller, a programmable negative voltage generator, a silicon-based single-photon avalanche diode, and an integrated active quench and reset circuit. The module is 3.8 cm × 3.6 cm × 2 cm in size and can communicate with the end user and be powered through a USB cable (5 V). In this module, the bias voltage of the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is precisely controllable from −14 V ~ −38 V and the hold-off time (consequently the dead time) of the SPAD can be adjusted from a few nanoseconds to around 1.6 μs with a setting resolution of ∼6.5 ns. Experimental results show that the module achieves a minimum dead time of around 28.5 ns, giving a saturation counting rate of around 35 Mcounts/s. Results also show that at a controlled reverse bias voltage of 26.8 V, the dark count rate measured is about 300 counts/s and the timing jitter measured is about 158 ps. Photodetection probability measurements show that the module is suited for detection of visible light from 450 nm to 800 nm with a 40% peak photon detection efficiency achieved at around 600 nm.

scholarly journals Custom-Technology Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Linear Detector Array for Underwater Depth Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Aurora Maccarone ◽  
Giulia Acconcia ◽  
Ulrich Steinlehner ◽  
Ivan Labanca ◽  
Darryl Newborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Array ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Single Photon Detection ◽  
Photon Detection ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Depth Imaging ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode

We present an optical depth imaging system suitable for highly scattering underwater environments. The system used the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) technique and the time-of-flight approach to obtain depth profiles. The single-photon detection was provided by a linear array of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors fabricated in a customized silicon fabrication technology for optimized efficiency, dark count rate, and jitter performance. The bi-static transceiver comprised a pulsed laser diode source with central wavelength 670 nm, a linear array of 16 × 1 Si-SPAD detectors, with a dedicated TCSPC acquisition module. Cylindrical lenses were used to collect the light scattered by the target and image it onto the sensor. These laboratory-based experiments demonstrated single-photon depth imaging at a range of 1.65 m in highly scattering conditions, equivalent up to 8.3 attenuation lengths between the system and the target, using average optical powers of up to 15 mW. The depth and spatial resolution of this sensor were investigated in different scattering conditions.

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