Practical MR Physics, and Case File of MR Artifacts and Pitfalls

Abstract This article draws upon empirical research conducted within a Welsh Youth Offending Service (YOS) in 2017–2018. It captured staff responses to the introduction of AssetPlus, an assessment tool intended to complement a corresponding move to desistance-informed practice. Given that YOSs are now expected to develop practice underpinned by desistance theories, the article focuses on how desistance theories were interpreted and translated into one YOS. It was concluded that the introduction of the new practice model suffered from inadequate planning and AssetPlus assessment did little to enhance this shift. In an exercise in Utopianism, the views of practitioners and managers were sought on what constituted ‘ideal’ practice with children in conflict with the law. The researchers found some evidence of support for holistic child-centred social work practice that addressed contextual factors. The study was conducted with a small sample of practitioners and operational managers, involving seven semi-structured interviews, two focus groups (a total of eighteen respondents), case file analysis, document reading and observation. Given the size of the sample, the findings are not regarded as generalisable, but rather as raising important issues and pointers for further research.

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Focal Concerns and Intimate Partner Violence Case Processing: Predicting Arrest Using a Stratified Random Sample of Police Case File Data

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/00111287211010493 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001112872110104

Author(s):

Cortney A. Franklin ◽

Leana A. Bouffard ◽

Alondra D. Garza ◽

Amanda Goodson

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Random Sample ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Police Department ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Criminal History ◽

Future Research ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Case File ◽

Focal Concerns

Focal concerns has utility for explaining criminal justice decisions, including among police. At present, there is no research that has examined focal concerns and arrest decisions in non-sexual, intimate partner violence (IPV) cases. This study used a stratified random sample of 776 IPV incidents from an urban police department in one of the five largest and most diverse US cities to assess the effect of focal concerns on arrest. A multivariate binary logistic regression model demonstrated victim injury, suspect IPV and general criminal history, evidence, witnesses, victim preference for formal intervention, women victims, and intoxicated suspects predicted arrest. When the suspect was on scene, this was the strongest predictor of arrest. Implications and future research are discussed.

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Self-reported Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis or Ankylosing Spondylitis Has Low Accuracy: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.161396 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1134-1141 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Vibeke Videm ◽

Ranjeny Thomas ◽

Matthew A. Brown ◽

Mari Hoff

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Study ◽

Primary Study ◽

Case File ◽

Norwegian Population ◽

Case Files ◽

Accuracy Data

Objective.Self-reported diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis are not accurate. The primary study aim was to ascertain self-reported diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) using hospital case files. The secondary aim was to provide updated estimates of the prevalence and incidence of RA and AS.Methods.All inhabitants ≥ 20 years old from the county of Nord-Trøndelag were invited. Data from 70,805 unique participants from HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included. For participants who self-reported RA or AS, case files from all 3 hospitals in the catchment area were evaluated using standardized diagnostic criteria.Results.Of 2703 self-reported cases of RA, 19.1% were verified in hospital files. Of 1064 self-reported cases of AS, 15.8% were verified. Of 259 cases self-reporting both RA and AS, 8.1% had RA and 5.4% had AS. Overall, a self-report of 1 or both diagnoses could not be verified in 82.1%, including 22.8% with insufficient information or no case file. The prevalence of RA was 768 (95% CI 705–835) per 100,000. The incidence of RA from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.48 (0.41–0.56) per 1000 per year. The prevalence of AS was 264 (228–305) per 100,000. The incidence of AS from HUNT2 to HUNT3 was 0.19 (0.15–0.24) per 1000 per year.Conclusion.Self-reported diagnoses of RA and AS are often false-positive. The prevalence and incidence of RA were comparable to reports from similar populations. The incidence of AS was higher than previously reported in a mixed population from Norway.

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A critical review of the first six months of operation of a trial Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in Australia

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1039856220971934 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 103985622097193

Author(s):

Phoebe Williamson ◽

Judy Hope ◽

Jose Segal ◽

Lisa Gill ◽

Michele Orr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Case File ◽

Psychosocial Model ◽

Relationship Breakdown ◽

Session Rating Scale

Objective: To review the Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in the first six months of the pilot program in a metropolitan Melbourne setting, including a description of: (a) socio-demographic, health and psychosocial stressors of people referred; (b) method of presentation; (c) interventions provided and (d) outcomes measured. Method: A retrospective case file analysis reviewed the first six months of HOPE service operation. Results: Forty people received HOPE service during the study period, 60% female, mean age 35 years (range 17–58). The majority had previously engaged in self-harm (72.5%) or attempted suicide (67.5%). Stressors included social isolation, relationship breakdown, unemployment, financial stress, medical problems, history of mental illness, exposure to family violence and adverse childhood events. Statistically significant improvements occurred in the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and Session Rating Scale (SRS) following intervention. There were no deaths by suicide during the study period. Conclusion: People referred to HOPE had significant health and psychosocial stressors. Engagement significantly improved subjective well-being and connection with supports. Findings highlighted the need for an integrated clinical and psychosocial model to promote hope and connection in life post suicide attempt. It remains unclear which interventions improved well-being and if this contributes to suicide prevention.

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The case of the Keeper of antiquities. Materials from the1939 criminal case file

Voprosy literatury ◽

10.31425/0042-8795-2021-4-239-285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 239-285

Author(s):

I. Duardovich

Keyword(s):

Later Life ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Single Episode ◽

Case File ◽

The 1950S

The writer Yury Dombrovsky did not leave behind any diaries of memoirs. Glimpses of his life are scattered across autobiographical poems and prose. Although an important source for research, letters and reminiscences of friends are often limited to a single episode or a brief period, usually of the writer’s later life in Moscow. What proved indispensable in the process of recovering facts and compiling a good half of the biography — spanning a lengthy period from the 1920s to the 1950s — were materials of the criminal proceedings. They also help decipher the writer’s major two-part novel, a fact he acknowledged himself. However, the archive materials were only recently declassified. The article aims to reconstruct a period of Yury Dombrovsky’s life and introduces the hitherto unpublished materials of his third criminal case of 1939. The author compares testimonies found in Dombrovsky’s writings and memoirs of his friends and acquaintances with documents preserved in archives, including tip-offs to the authorities.

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3 T: the good, the bad and the ugly

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20210708 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin John Graves

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Rf Power ◽

Blood Oxygen Level ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Improve Image Quality ◽

Mr Physics ◽

T System

It is around 20 years since the first commercial 3 T MRI systems became available. The theoretical promise of twice the signal-to-noise ratio of a 1.5 T system together with a greater sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility-related contrast mechanisms, such as the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect that is the basis for functional MRI (fMRI), drove the initial market in neuroradiology. However, the limitations of the increased field strength soon became apparent, including the increased radiofrequency (RF) power deposition, tissue dependent changes in relaxation times, increased artifacts, and greater safety concerns. Many of these issues are dependent upon MR physics and work arounds have had to be developed to try and mitigate their effects. This article reviews the underlying principles of the good, the bad and the ugly aspects of 3 T, discusses some of the methods used to improve image quality and explains the remaining challenges and concerns.

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Let’s find the evidence: An analogue study of confirmation bias in criminal investigations

10.31234/osf.io/8ju9v ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anita Eerland ◽

Eric Rassin

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

Confirmation Bias ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

Case File ◽

District Attorneys ◽

Tunnel Vision ◽

Analogue Study ◽

Alternative Scenarios ◽

Selection Of

People involved in criminal proceedings (e.g. police officers, district attorneys, judges, and jury members) may run the risk of developing confirmation bias, or tunnel vision. That is, these parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent. This may be reflected in a preference for guilt-confirming investigation endeavours, as opposed to investigations that are aimed at confirming, or even excluding, alternative scenarios. In three studies, participants read a case file, and were subsequently instructed to select additional police investigations. Some of these additional endeavours were guilt- confirming (i.e. incriminating), whereas others were disconfirming (i.e. exonerating). Results suggest that additional investigation search was guided by an initial assessment of the suspect’s guilt (Study 1). Furthermore, participants’ tendency to select incriminat- ing investigations increased with increased crime severity, and with the strength of the evidence present in the case file. Finally, the selection of incriminating investigations was associated with conviction rates (Study 3). However, in general, participants did not favour incriminating endeavours. That is, in the three studies, the percentages of selected incriminating endeavours did hardly or not exceed 50%.

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ABOUT CHANGE OF HANDWRITING OF PERSONS THAT ARE IN THE STATE OF ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION

Young Scientist ◽

10.32839/2304-5809/2020-11-87-67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (87) ◽

Author(s):

Оksana Rusova ◽

◽

Olga Samoilova ◽

Keyword(s):

Careful Consideration ◽

Essential Information ◽

Case File ◽

Fast Pace ◽

Expert’S Opinion ◽

Psychological Attitude ◽

The Law ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Concomitant Factors ◽

Selection Of

This article focuses on the problematic issues that arise in the process of appointing a forensic handwriting examination, where the object of study are manuscripts performed in a state of intoxication. The reliability of the conclusions will largely depend on the correct quality and sufficient quantity of comparative material. This will be possible if the initiator of the study, after careful consideration of their work, qualitatively selects comparative material for the study. The purpose of this article is to further improve the purpose of forensic handwriting examination, the object of which is the study of manuscripts made in a state of intoxication, as well as to provide practical recommendations that will allow the initiators of the study to correctly select comparative material. Of particular importance in the conduct of forensic handwriting diagnostic examinations are information from the case file relating to the subject of examination, ie in the resolution, decision or statement must be indicated: first, it is information about the person - the actual or intended executor of the manuscript; second, essential information relating to the situation, the situation in which the manuscript in question was presumably performed, and in connection with it, the possible psychological attitude or emotional state of the person writing. When the initiator of the study informs the expert of the necessary information, he should not be afraid to "impose" a certain version, because the method of expert research is based on checking all the most likely alternatives (versions and counter version) and making decisions based only on objective data. Regarding the selection of comparative material provided for research in establishing whether a person was intoxicated, there are some peculiarities in the selection of experimental samples, because we cannot bring a person in such a state to take the necessary samples because the law prohibits harm to health, humiliation and infliction of moral suffering. They can be obtained without violating the law, by changing the condition, namely, you need to dictate the text at an extremely fast pace. The expert may also make a request, although the initiator of the study provided comparative material such as free, conditionally free and experimental samples, because there may be concomitant factors that the initiator did not take into account when selecting, such as experimental samples. The expert's request should be treated responsibly because the quality of the expert's opinion may depend on how well it is executed.

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