SU-HH-BRB-03: Correction for Multiple and Coherent Scatter in First Generation Incoherent Scatter CT for In-Vivo Breast Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (6Part9) ◽  
pp. 3330-3330
Author(s):  
JE Alpuche Aviles ◽  
S Pistorius
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Coherent Scatter ◽  
Incoherent Scatter

THE ROLE OF POLYETHYLENIMINE IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF GLUTAMATE BIOSENSORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Diep Do Thi Hong ◽  
Duong Le Phuoc ◽  
Hoai Nguyen Thi ◽  
Serra Pier Andrea ◽  
Rocchitta Gaia
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Glutamate Oxidase

Background: The first biosensor was constructed more than fifty years ago. It was composed of the biorecognition element and transducer. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples Glutamate is important biochemicals involved in energetic metabolism and neurotransmission. Therefore, biosensors requires the development a new approach exhibiting high sensibility, good reproducibility and longterm stability. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples. The aims of this work: To find out which concentration of polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibiting the most high sensibility, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Methods: We designed and developed glutamate biosensor using different concentration of PEI ranging from 0% to 5% at Day 1 and Day 8. Results: After Glutamate biosensors in-vitro characterization, several PEI concentrations, ranging from 0.5% to 1% seem to be the best in terms of VMAX, the KM; while PEI content ranging from 0.5% to 1% resulted stable, PEI 1% displayed an excellent stability. Conclusions: In the result, PEI 1% perfomed high sensibility, good stability and blocking interference. Furthermore, we expect to develop and characterize an implantable biosensor capable of detecting glutamate, glucose in vivo. Key words: Glutamate biosensors, PEi (Polyethylenimine) enhances glutamate oxidase, glutamate oxidase biosensors

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Polymer/Liposome Assembly for Drug Delivery: From Surface Modifications to Hybrid Vesicles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Leo ◽  
Francesco Milano ◽  
Angela Agostiano ◽  
Lucia Catucci
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Liposome Preparation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liposome Surface

Liposomes are consolidated and attractive biomimetic nanocarriers widely used in the field of drug delivery. The structural versatility of liposomes has been exploited for the development of various carriers for the topical or systemic delivery of drugs and bioactive molecules, with the possibility of increasing their bioavailability and stability, and modulating and directing their release, while limiting the side effects at the same time. Nevertheless, first-generation vesicles suffer from some limitations including physical instability, short in vivo circulation lifetime, reduced payload, uncontrolled release properties, and low targeting abilities. Therefore, liposome preparation technology soon took advantage of the possibility of improving vesicle performance using both natural and synthetic polymers. Polymers can easily be synthesized in a controlled manner over a wide range of molecular weights and in a low dispersity range. Their properties are widely tunable and therefore allow the low chemical versatility typical of lipids to be overcome. Moreover, depending on their structure, polymers can be used to create a simple covering on the liposome surface or to intercalate in the phospholipid bilayer to give rise to real hybrid structures. This review illustrates the main strategies implemented in the field of polymer/liposome assembly for drug delivery, with a look at the most recent publications without neglecting basic concepts for a simple and complete understanding by the reader.

scholarly journals Handheld diffuse optical breast scanner probe for cross-sectional imaging of breast tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shokoufi ◽  
Farid Golnaraghi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional

Diffuse optical spectroscopy is a relatively new, noninvasive and nonionizing technique for breast cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we have introduced a novel handheld diffuse optical breast scan (DOB-Scan) probe to measure optical properties of the breast in vivo and create functional and compositional images of the tissue. In addition, the probe gives more information about breast tissue’s constituents, which helps distinguish a healthy and cancerous tissue. Two symmetrical light sources, each including four different wavelengths, are used to illuminate the breast tissue. A high-resolution linear array detector measures the intensity of the back-scattered photons at different radial destinations from the illumination sources on the surface of the breast tissue, and a unique image reconstruction algorithm is used to create four cross-sectional images for four different wavelengths. Different from fiber optic-based illumination techniques, the proposed method in this paper integrates multi-wavelength light-emitting diodes to act as pencil beam sources into a scattering medium like breast tissue. This unique design and its compact structure reduce the complexity, size and cost of a potential probe. Although the introduced technique miniaturizes the probe, this study points to the reliability of this technique in the phantom study and clinical breast imaging. We have received ethical approval to test the DOB-Scan probe on patients and we are currently testing the DOB-Scan probe on subjects who are diagnosed with breast cancer.

scholarly journals A Silkworm Infection Model for In Vivo Study of Glycopeptide Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Aurora Montali ◽  
Francesca Berini ◽  
Maurizio Francesco Brivio ◽  
Maristella Mastore ◽  
Alessio Saviane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide Expression

Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are drugs of last resort for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria. They inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly by binding to the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors, leading to cell lysis. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are first generation GPAs, while dalbavancin is one of the few, recently approved, second generation GPAs. In this paper, we developed an in vivo insect model to compare, for the first time, the efficacy of these three GPAs in curing Staphylococcus aureus infection. Differently from previous reports, Bombyx mori larvae were reared at 37 °C, and the course of infection was monitored, following not only larval survival, but also bacterial load in the insect body, hemocyte activity, phenoloxidase activity, and antimicrobial peptide expression. We demonstrated that the injection of S. aureus into the hemolymph of B. mori larvae led to a marked reduction of their survival rate within 24–48 h. GPAs were not toxic to the larvae and cured S. aureus infection. Dalbavancin was more effective than first generation GPAs. Due to its great advantages (i.e., easy and safe handling, low rearing costs, low antibiotic amount needed for the tests, no restrictions imposed by ethical and regulatory issues), this silkworm infection model could be introduced in preclinical phases—prior to the use of mice—accelerating the discovery/development rate of novel GPAs.

Towards Spatial Correspondence between Specimen and In-vivo Breast Imaging

2014 ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomy Mertzanidou ◽  
John Hipwell ◽  
Mehmet Dalmis ◽  
Bram Platel ◽  
Jeroen van der Laak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Spatial Correspondence

scholarly journals On the Enhanced Temporal Coherency of Radar Observations in Precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1794-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Jameson ◽  
A. B. Kostinski
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Autocorrelation Functions ◽  
Coherent Scatter ◽  
Incoherent Scatter ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Times ◽  
Temporal Coherency ◽  
Coherent Backscatter

Abstract In this work, the authors present observations of enhanced temporal coherency beyond that expected using the observations of the standard deviation of the Doppler velocities and the assumption of a family of exponentially decaying autocorrelation functions. The purpose of this paper is to interpret these observations by developing the complex amplitude autocorrelation function when both incoherent and coherent backscatter are present. Using this expression, it is then shown that when coherent scatter is present, the temporal coherency increases as observed. Data are analyzed in snow and in rain. The results agree with the theoretical expectations, and the authors interpret this agreement as an indication that coherent scatter is the likely explanation for the observed enhanced temporal coherency. This finding does not affect decorrelation times measured using time series. However, when the time series is not available (as in theoretical studies), the times to decorrelation are often computed based upon the assumptions that the autocorrelation function is a member of the family of exponentially decaying autocorrelation functions and that the signal decorrelation is due solely to the Doppler velocity fluctuations associated with incoherent scatter. Such an approach, at times, may significantly underestimate the true required times to decorrelation thus leading to overestimates of statistical reliability of parameters.

Design and Synthesis of the First Generation of Novel Potent, Selective, and in Vivo Active (Benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile Inhibitors of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 4596-4607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Gaillard ◽  
Isabelle Jeanclaude-Etter ◽  
Vittoria Ardissone ◽  
Steve Arkinstall ◽  
Yves Cambet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Design And Synthesis

scholarly journals An IL-2-grafted antibody immunotherapy with potent efficacy against metastatic cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Sahin ◽  
Natalia Arenas-Ramirez ◽  
Matthias Rath ◽  
Ufuk Karakus ◽  
Monika Hümbelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Advanced Malignancies ◽  
Antibody Immunotherapy ◽  
Binding Groove

AbstractModified interleukin-2 (IL-2) formulations are being tested in cancer patients. However, IL-2 immunotherapy damages IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-positive endothelial cells and stimulates IL-2Rα (CD25)-expressing lymphocytes that curtail anti-tumor responses. A first generation of IL-2Rβ (CD122)-biased IL-2s addressed some of these drawbacks. Here, we present a second-generation CD122-biased IL-2, developed by splitting and permanently grafting unmutated human IL-2 (hIL-2) to its antigen-binding groove on the anti-hIL-2 monoclonal antibody NARA1, thereby generating NARA1leukin. In comparison to hIL-2/NARA1 complexes, NARA1leukin shows a longer in vivo half-life, completely avoids association with CD25, and more potently stimulates CD8+ T and natural killer cells. These effects result in strong anti-tumor responses in various pre-clinical cancer models, whereby NARA1leukin consistently surpasses the efficacy of hIL-2/NARA1 complexes in controlling metastatic disease. Collectively, NARA1leukin is a CD122-biased single-molecule construct based on unmutated hIL-2 with potent efficacy against advanced malignancies.

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