scholarly journals Contrast sensitivity of digital imaging display systems: Contrast threshold dependency on object type and implications for monitor quality assurance and quality control in PACS

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 3682-3692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Wang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Veera Baladandayuthapani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Contrast Threshold ◽  
Object Type ◽  
Display Systems

scholarly journals Performances of automated digital imaging of Gram-stained slides with on-screen reading against manual microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Fischer ◽  
Nouria Azam ◽  
Lara Rasga ◽  
Valérie Barras ◽  
Manuela Tangomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Screen Reading ◽  
Sterile Site

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the automated digital imaging of Gram-stained slides against manual microscopy. Four hundred forty-three identified Gram-stained slides were included in this study. When both methods agreed, we considered the results as correct, and no further examination was carried out. Whenever the methods gave discrepant results, we reviewed the digital images and the glass slides by manual microscopy to avoid incorrectly read smears. The final result was a consensus of multiple independent reader interpretations. Among the 443 slides analyzed in this study, 101 (22.8%) showed discrepant results between the compared methods. The rates of discrepant results according to the specimen types were 5.7% (9/157) for positive blood cultures, 42% (60/142) for respiratory tract specimens, and 22% (32/144) for sterile site specimens. After a subsequent review of the discrepant slides, the final rate of discrepancies dropped to 7.0% (31/443). The overall agreement between the compared methods and the culture results reached 78% (345/443) and 79% (349/443) for manual microscopy and automated digital imaging, respectively. According to culture results, the specificity for automated digital imaging and manual microscopy were 90.8% and 87.7% respectively. In contrast, sensitivity was 84.1% for the two compared methods. The discrepant results were mostly encountered with microorganism morphologies of rare occurrence. The results reported in this study emphasize that on-screen reading is challenging, since the recognition of morphologies on-screen can appear different as compared to routine manual microscopy. Monitoring of Gram stain errors, which is facilitated by automated digital imaging, remains crucial for the quality control of reported Gram stain results.

Quality assurance and quality control to ensure durability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Roy ◽  
Tanmoy Guha ◽  
R. Ekambaram
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

<p>High level of quality during design, design-build and construction stages is a fundamental requirement to ensure that structure serves its intended purpose. Establishment of a quality assurance manual is prime necessity. Lack of quality control during design, review and approving design drawings are major reasons for structural failures. Designers and design checkers need to work in tandem to ensure more adequate Quality Assurance &amp; Control (QA/QC).</p><p>In structural design Durability is a key parameter and becomes critical for service life of 100/120 years. In design build and construction stages controlling work quality is important to maintain performance standards. Tailor made quality plan for Design-build Contract is essential. Quality procedures, inspection and testing needs implementation in practice to verify full compliance and prevent occurrence of faults and defects towards durability and service life. This paper deals with Quality with special emphasis on durability in design and construction through case studies of design build contracts.</p>

A nationwide evaluation of the prevalence of human papillomavirus in Brazil (POP-Brazil study): protocol of data quality assurance and control (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Driemeyer Correia Horvath ◽  
Marina Bessel ◽  
Natalia Luiza Kops ◽  
Flávia Moreno Alves Souza ◽  
Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Monitoring Visit ◽  
Multicenter Clinical Trials ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quality Assurance And Control

BACKGROUND The credibility of a study and its internal and external validity depend crucially on the quality of the data produced. Quality control aims to monitor sampling errors and measurements during the execution of a study and is based mainly on two pillars: planning and standardization of procedures. OBJECTIVE The present article aimed to describe the stages of quality control in the POP-Brazil study and to present an analysis of the quality indicators. METHODS Quality assurance and control included several phases and processes that were initiated with the planning of the study and continued through the development of the project; thus, all centers were trained in loco. RESULTS The data were through a structured questionnaire and collection of biological samples, both performed by more than 250 trained and certified health professionals. Furthermore, to correct possible inadequacies, all 119 centers (public health units) received at least one monitoring visit, which evaluated the professionals' performance and the process of completing the online data platform. The data were monitored daily and were audited through the double entry of data, performed by the central team. The reliability of data was analyzed through the test-retest method, comparing data from the online platform and a second application of the interview, and conducted through telephone, also by the central team. The agreement between the test and retest was considered good (kappa between 0.59 and 0.74). Large multicenter clinical trials are the basis of medical evidence-based and health-based prevention, so their design, logistics, and quality processes should always be carefully considered. CONCLUSIONS This article presents the processes and quality indicators in the POP-Brazil study that allow other studies to generate reliable data.

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