scholarly journals In vivo functional chronic imaging of a small animal model using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Part1) ◽  
pp. 2320-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Hu ◽  
Konstantin Maslov ◽  
Lihong V. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Optical Resolution ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Photoacoustic Microscopy ◽  
Small Animal Model

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of a Guinea Pig-Adapted Sudan Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Wong ◽  
Shihua He ◽  
Haiyan Wei ◽  
Andrea Kroeker ◽  
Jonathan Audet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Infections with Sudan virus (SUDV), a member of the genus Ebolavirus , result in a severe hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome in over 50% of human cases. The paucity of prophylactics and therapeutics against SUDV is attributed to the lack of a small-animal model to screen promising compounds. By repeatedly passaging SUDV within the livers and spleens of guinea pigs in vivo , a guinea pig-adapted SUDV variant (SUDV-GA) uniformly lethal to these animals, with a 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 5.3 × 10 −2 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID 50 ), was developed. Animals infected with SUDV-GA developed high viremia and died between 9 and 14 days postinfection. Several hallmarks of SUDV infection, including lymphadenopathy, increased liver enzyme activities, and coagulation abnormalities, were observed. Virological analyses and gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry findings indicate that SUDV-GA replicates in the livers and spleens of infected animals similarly to SUDV infections in nonhuman primates. These developments will accelerate the development of specific medical countermeasures in preparation for a future disease outbreak due to SUDV. IMPORTANCE A disease outbreak due to Ebola virus (EBOV), suspected to have emerged during December 2013 in Guinea, with over 11,000 dead and 28,000 infected, is finally winding down. Experimental EBOV vaccines and treatments were administered to patients under compassionate circumstances with promising results, and availability of an approved countermeasure appears to be close. However, the same range of experimental candidates against a potential disease outbreak caused by other members of the genus Ebolavirus , such as Sudan virus (SUDV), is not readily available. One bottleneck contributing to this situation is the lack of a small-animal model to screen promising drugs in an efficient and economical manner. To address this, we have generated a SUDV variant (SUDV-GA) that is uniformly lethal to guinea pigs. Animals infected with SUDV-GA develop disease similar to that of SUDV-infected humans and monkeys. We believe that this model will significantly accelerate the development of life-saving measures against SUDV infections.

scholarly journals In vivo performance of an acellular disc-like angle ply structure (DAPS) for total disc replacement in a small animal model

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Martin ◽  
Dong Hwa Kim ◽  
Andrew H. Milby ◽  
Christian G. Pfeifer ◽  
Lachlan J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Total Disc Replacement ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Disc Replacement ◽  
Small Animal Model

scholarly journals In Vivo PET Imaging of the Activated Immune Environment in a Small Animal Model of Inflammatory Arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 153601211771263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Franc ◽  
Sam Goth ◽  
John MacKenzie ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Joseph Blecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Model

scholarly journals In Vivo Replication and Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Recombinant M40 Containing Ebola Virus L-Domain Sequences

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S10652
Author(s):  
Takashi Irie ◽  
Elena Carnero ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
Ronald N. Harty
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Virus Recombinant ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Ptap Motif

The M40 VSV recombinant was engineered to contain overlapping PTAP and PPxY L-domain motifs and flanking residues from the VP40 protein of Ebola virus. Replication of M40 in cell culture is virtually indistinguishable from that of control viruses. However, the presence of the Ebola PTAP motif in the M40 recombinant enabled this virus to interact with and recruit host Tsg101, which was packaged into M40 virions. In this brief report, we compared replication and the pathogenic profiles of M40 and the parental virus M51R in mice to determine whether the presence of the Ebola L-domains and flanking residues altered in vivo characteristics of the virus. Overall, the in vivo characteristics of M40 were similar to those of the parental M51R virus, indicating that the Ebola sequences did not alter pathogenesis of VSV in this small animal model of infection.

scholarly journals A novel small animal model to study the replication of simian foamy virus in vivo

Virology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 448 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Blochmann ◽  
Christoph Curths ◽  
Cheick Coulibaly ◽  
Klaus Cichutek ◽  
Reinhard Kurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Simian Foamy Virus

scholarly journals uPA+/+-SCID Mouse with Humanized Liver as a Model for In Vivo Metabolism of Exogenous Steroids: Methandienone as a Case Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Lootens ◽  
Philip Meuleman ◽  
Oscar J Pozo ◽  
Peter Van Eenoo ◽  
Geert Leroux-Roels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Scid Mouse ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Chimeric Mouse ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Suitable Alternative

Abstract Background: Adequate detection of designer steroids in the urine of athletes is still a challenge in doping control analysis and requires knowledge of steroid metabolism. In this study we investigated whether uPA+/+-SCID mice carrying functional primary human hepatocytes in their liver would provide a suitable alternative small animal model for the investigation of human steroid metabolism in vivo. Methods: A quantitative method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the urinary detection of 7 known methandienone metabolites. Application of this method to urine samples from humanized mice after methandienone administration allowed for comparison with data from in vivo human samples and with reported methandienone data from in vitro hepatocyte cultures. Results: The LC-MS/MS method validation in mouse and human urine indicated good linearity, precision, and recovery. Using this method we quantified 6 of 7 known human methandienone metabolites in the urine of chimeric mice, whereas in control nonchimeric mice we detected only 2 metabolites. These results correlated very well with methandienone metabolism in humans. In addition, we detected 4 isomers of methandienone metabolites in both human and chimeric mouse urine. One of these isomers has never been reported before. Conclusions: The results of this proof-of-concept study indicate that the human liver–uPA+/+-SCID mouse appears to be a suitable small animal model for the investigation of human-type metabolism of anabolic steroids and possibly also for other types of drugs and medications. .

scholarly journals Establishment of Tree Shrew Animal Model for Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (HHV-8) Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoqun Li ◽  
Zulqarnain Baloch ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Lei Bai ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Tree Shrews

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other malignant growths in humans. However, the lack of a KSHV-infected small animal model has hampered understanding of the mechanisms of KSHV infection, virus replication, pathogenesis, and persistence. This study was designed to explore the susceptibility of tree shrews as a possible KSHV-infected small animal model. A recombinant GFP (latent)/RFP (lytic)-positive rKSHV.219 strain was used to infect primary cells cultured from different tissues of tree shrews as an in vitro model and adult tree shrews as an in vivo model. KSHV latent nuclear antigen (LANA) and DNA were successfully detected in primary cells of tree shrews. Among them, tree shrew kidney epithelial cells (TSKEC) were the most susceptible cells to KSHV infection compared to other cells. KSHV genomic DNA, mRNA, and KSHV-specific proteins were readily detected in the TSKEC cultured up to 32 dpi. Moreover, KSHV DNA and mRNA transcription were also readily detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and various tissues of tree shrews infected with KSHV. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed lymphocyte infiltration, lymphoid tissue focal aggregation, alveolar wall thickening, hepatocyte edema, hepatic necrosis in the spleen, lung, and liver of KSHV-infected animals. Additionally, immune-histochemical (IHC) staining showed that LANA or ORF62-positive cells were present in the spleen, lung, liver, and kidney of KSHV-infected tree shrews. Here, we have successfully established in vitro and in vivo KSHV latent infection in tree shrews. This small animal model is not only useful for studying the pathogenesis of KSHV in vivo but can also be a useful model to study transmission routes of viral infection and a useful platform to characterize the novel therapeutics against KSHV.

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