scholarly journals Beam hardening: Analytical considerations of the effective attenuation coefficient of x-ray tomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 2882-2889 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alles ◽  
R. F. Mudde
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Attenuation Coefficient

scholarly journals X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Vichai Rosarpitak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

Empirical Beam Hardening and Ring Artifact Correction for X‐Ray Grating Interferometry (EBHC‐GI)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Nelson ◽  
Shuai Leng ◽  
Elisabeth R. Shanblatt ◽  
Cynthia H. McCollough ◽  
Thomas Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Artifact Correction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ring Artifact

scholarly journals Estimation of the X/γ- ray shielding properties of different glass system using Monte Carlo Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Ayano Shanko, MD, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Glass System ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The aim of the research is to estimate the X-ray shielding properties of different glass systems using Monte Carlo Simulation. X-ray glass is also known as radiation shielding glass. Glass provides protection against the absorption of energy radiation. The shielding layer is formed by a high concentration of lead and barium. The mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number and the effective electron density are used to determine the position of gamma-ray photons in matter. Shield characterization in terms of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fraction (T), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL) and exposure build-up. factor (EBF) of a glass system is estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulation. The random sampling and statistical analysis are computed using the monte carlo simulation. Various external factors are considered as the input parameters. The different composition of the glass will be examined using the Monte Carlo simulation and the shielding capability would be determined for the various samples.

scholarly journals An anthropomorphic phantom representing a prematurely born neonate for digital x-ray imaging using 3D printing: Proof of concept and comparison of image quality from different systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Irnstorfer ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Azadeh Hojreh ◽  
Peter Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Image Quality ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Image Appearance ◽  
Neonatal Imaging

Abstract An anthropomorphic phantom for image optimization in neonatal radiography was developed, and its usability in optimizing image acquisition and processing demonstrated. The phantom was designed to mimic a patient image of a prematurely born neonate. A clinical x-ray (neonate <1 kg) taken with an effective dose of 11 µSv on a needle-crystal storage phosphor system was retrospectively selected from anonymized images as an appropriate template representing a standard case in neonatology imaging. The low dose level used in clinical imaging results in high image noise content. Therefore, the image had to be processed using structure preserving noise reduction. Pixel values were related to printing material thickness to result in a similar attenuation pattern as the original patient including support mattress. A 3D model generating a similar x-ray attenuation pattern on an image detector as a patient was derived accounting for beam hardening and perspective, and printed using different printing technologies. Best printing quality was achieved using a laser stereolithography printer. Phantom images from different digital radiography systems used in neonatal imaging were compared. Effects of technology, image processing, and radiation dose on diagnostic image quality can be assessed for otherwise identical anthropomorphic neonatal images not possible with patient images, facilitating optimization and standardization of imaging parameters and image appearance.

scholarly journals The use of sodium polytungstate as an X-ray contrast agent to reduce the beam hardening artifact in hydrological laboratory experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate

Abstract Iodine is conventionally used as a contrast agent in hydrological laboratory experiments using polychromatic X-ray computed tomography (CT) to monitor two-phase Darcy flow in porous geological media. Undesirable beam hardening artifacts, however, render the quantitative analysis of the obtained CT images difficult. CT imaging of porous sand/bead packs saturated with iodine and tungsten-bearing aqueous solutions, respectively, was performed using a medical CT scanner. We found that sodium polytungstate (Na6H2W12O40) significantly reduced the beam hardening compared with potassium iodide (KI). This result is attributable to the location of the K absorption edge of tungsten, which is nearer to the peak of the polychromatic X-ray source spectrum than that of iodine. As sodium polytungstate is chemically stable and less toxic than other heavy element bearing compounds, we recommend it as a promising contrast agent for hydrological CT experiments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document