Appendix: The Fundamental Matrix of a Fixed Continuous-Time System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Fundamental Matrix ◽  
Time System ◽  
Continuous Time System

Stability of real-time hybrid simulation involving time-varying delay and direct integration algorithms

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110016
Author(s):  
Liang Huang ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Shenjiang Huang ◽  
Jingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Discrete Time System ◽  
Time System ◽  
Integration Algorithms ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Continuous Time System

Stability presents a critical issue for real-time hybrid simulation. Actuator delay might destabilize the real-time test without proper compensation. Previous research often assumed real-time hybrid simulation as a continuous-time system; however, it is more appropriately treated as a discrete-time system because of application of digital devices and integration algorithms. By using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory, this study explores the convoluted effect of integration algorithms and actuator delay on the stability of real-time hybrid simulation. Both theoretical and numerical analysis results demonstrate that (1) the direct integration algorithm is preferably used for real-time hybrid simulation because of its computational efficiency; (2) the stability analysis of real-time hybrid simulation highly depends on actuator delay models, and the actuator model that accounts for time-varying characteristic will lead to more conservative stability; and (3) the integration step is constrained by the algorithm and structural frequencies. Moreover, when the step is small, the stability of the discrete-time system will approach that of the corresponding continuous-time system. The study establishes a bridge between continuous- and discrete-time systems for stability analysis of real-time hybrid simulation.

An Exact Discrete Analog to a Closed Linear First-Order Continuous-Time System with Mixed Sample

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence D. Agbeyegbe
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Discrete Model ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Discrete Analog ◽  
Time System ◽  
First Order ◽  
Exact Discrete Model ◽  
Asymptotically Efficient ◽  
Order Continuous ◽  
Continuous Time System

This article deals with the derivation of the exact discrete model that corresponds to a closed linear first-order continuous-time system with mixed stock and flow data. This exact discrete model is (under appropriate additional conditions) a stationary autoregressive moving average time series model and may allow one to obtain asymptotically efficient estimators of the parameters describing the continuous-time system.

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