Derivations of an Equation for Temperature Sensitivity Factor K3 for a Single Lens Element

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Lens Element ◽  
Single Lens

scholarly journals Diffractive Optical Elements with a Large Angle of Operation Recorded in Acrylamide Based Photopolymer on Flexible Substrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Akbari ◽  
Izabela Naydenova ◽  
Lina Persechini ◽  
Sean M. Garner ◽  
Pat Cimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Lens Element ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Exposure Energy

A holographic device characterised by a large angular range of operation is under development. The aim of this study is to increase the angular working range of the diffractive lens by stacking three layers of high efficiency optical elements on top of each other so that light is collected (and focussed) from a broader range of angles. The angular range of each individual lens element is important, and work has already been done in an acrylamide-based photosensitive polymer to broaden the angular range of individual elements using holographic recording at a low spatial frequency. This paper reports new results on the angular selectivity of stacked diffractive lenses. A working range of 12° is achieved. The diffractive focussing elements were recorded holographically with a central spatial frequency of 300 l/mm using exposure energy of 60 mJ/cm2at a range of recording angles. At this spatial frequency with layers of thickness 50 ± 5 µm, a diffraction efficiency of 80% and 50% was achieved in the single lens element and combined device, respectively. The optical recording process and the properties of the multilayer structure are described and discussed. Holographic recording of a single lens element is also successfully demonstrated on a flexible glass substrate (Corning(R) Willow(R) Glass) for the first time.

Mechanical Behaviors Analysis and Johnson-Cook Model Establishment of 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 589-590 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Peng Nan Li ◽  
Si Wen Tang ◽  
Wen Bo Tang ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Cook Model

The stress-strain curves, mechanical behaviors, and Johnson-Cook model of 4Cr13 stainless steel were investigated at both the strain rates from 0.001s-1 to 7000s-1 and the temperatures from 293K to 673K based on the electronic universal testing machine and the split Hopkinson bar. The results showed that 4Cr13 stainless steel was very sensitive to the temperature and the strain rate. The temperature sensitivity factor decreased with increasing the temperature, and the strain rate sensitivity factor increased with increasing the strain rate. Both the temperature sensitivity factor and strain rate sensitivity factor decreased with increasing strain. The flow stress increased with strain rate and strain, but decreased with temperature. The J-C model prediction had a good agreement with the experimental stress-strain in the wide range of temperatures and strain rates. The Johnson-Cook model gave the foundation for finite element analysis during the cutting process.

Soil C mineralization and temperature sensitivity in alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 988-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li XU ◽  
Shu-Xia YU ◽  
Nian-Peng HE ◽  
Xue-Fa WEN ◽  
Pei-Li SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Xizang Plateau

scholarly journals Reply to Leuzinger et al.: Drought-induced tree mortality temperature sensitivity requires pressing forward with best available science

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (38) ◽  
pp. E107-E107 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Adams ◽  
M. Guardiola-Claramonte ◽  
G. A. Barron-Gafford ◽  
J. C. Villegas ◽  
D. D. Breshears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Best Available Science
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