In Vivo Microscopy in the Male and Female Genital Tract

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kölle ◽  
Matthias Trottmann
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genital

Spectral variations of laser-induced tissue emission during in vivo detection of malignancies in the female genital tract

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenios Koumantakis ◽  
Alexios Vasileiou ◽  
Antonios Makrigiannakis ◽  
Eberhard Unsöld ◽  
Theodore G. Papazoglou
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Effects of Yeast and Bacterial Commensals and Pathogens of the Female Genital Tract on the Transepithelial Electrical Resistance of HeLa Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Tsata ◽  
Aristea Velegraki ◽  
Anastasios Ioannidis ◽  
Cornelia Poulopoulou ◽  
Pantelis Bagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Transepithelial Electrical Resistance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Female Genital

Commensals of the human body can shift to a pathogenic phase when the host immune system is impaired. This study aims to investigate the effect of seven yeast and two bacterial commensals and opportunistic pathogens isolated from blood and the female genital tract on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of human cervical epithelial cell cultures (HeLa). The pathogensCandida tropicalis,C. parapsilosis,C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. albicansandSaccharomyces cerevisiae, caused a significant decrease in TER as compared to the controls;Lactobacillusspp caused a significant increase in TERversusthe controls andEscherichia colihad no effect on the TER of the cell monolayers. The above data show thatCandidaspp.,S. cerevisiaeandLactobacillusspp. have a non-selective effect on the TER of HeLa cell monolayers. These results are consistent with thein vivonon-selective action of these microorganisms on the various human mucosal epithelia.

Identification of Female Cells in Postcoital Penile Swabs Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 1080-1082
Author(s):  
Kim A. Collins ◽  
Stephen J. Cina ◽  
Mark J. Pettenati ◽  
Matthew Fitts
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Male Participant ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Penile Swabs ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Traditionally, the finding of semen, that is, spermatozoa and acid phosphatase, in cervicovaginal specimens has been considered the laboratory evidence needed to prove recent sexual contact. Recent research with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has shown that in the absence of semen, male epithelial and inflammatory cells can be found within the female genital tract. A striking paucity of literature exists pertaining to the examination of the penis of an alleged assailant for potential evidence indicative of sexual assault. The current study uses FISH to analyzepostcoital swabs of the penis for such laboratory evidence. A male and female volunteer couple consented to participate in this study. Following coitus, the male partner presented to one of the investigators for penile swabbing. Swabs were taken at varying postcoital intervals (1–24 hours) subsequent to 10 coital episodes. The male participant was instructed not to shower following coitus, but to otherwise go about daily activities until specimen collection. To obtain each sample, 4 sterile cotton-tipped applicators were slightly moistened in sterile saline and swabbed along the length of the penile shaft and around the base of the penis. From the swabs, 3 air-dried slides were prepared, coded, and blinded. As controls, swabs were taken from the buccal surfaces of both volunteers. Multicolor FISH was performed using dual X- and Y-chromosome probes, and slides were counterstained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cells were easily visualized under a fluorescent microscope, but only cells with 2 nonoverlapping fluorescent signals were counted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is highly sensitive and specific, and the dual probes easily distinguished between male and female cells. Female cells were identified on smears from every penile swab over the entire 1- to 24-hour postcoital interval. The FISH technique, previously successful in identifying male cells within the female genital tract, may also be employed on penile swabs. Once the presence of female cells is confirmed by FISH, the identity of the female can be confirmed by DNA analysis. Potentially, with such current molecular analyses, both the assailant and the victim can be positively identified.

scholarly journals Immune Pathogenesis of Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in the Female Genital Tract

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Witkin
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Female Genital

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections of the female genital tract, although frequently asymptomatic, are a major cause of fallopian-tube occlusion and infertility. Early stage pregnancy loss may also be due to an unsuspected and undetected CT infection. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that this organism can persist in the female genital tract in a form undetectable by culture. The mechanism of tubal damage as well as the rejection of an embryo may involve an initial immune sensitization to the CT 60 kD heat shock protein (HSP), followed by a reactivation of HSP-sensitized lymphocytes in response to the human HSP and the subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines. The periodic induction of human HSP expression by various microorganisms or by noninfectious mechanisms in the fallopian tubes of women sensitized to the CT HSP may eventually result in tubal scarring and occlusion. Similarly, an immune response to human HSP expression during the early stages of pregnancy may interfere with the immune regulatory mechanisms required for the maintenance of a semiallogeneic embryo.

Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in anatomical sanctuary sites: the male and female genital tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1149-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J Else ◽  
Stephen Taylor ◽  
David J Back ◽  
Saye H Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Rabbit semen fertility after heterospermic insemination with spermatozoa of different capacitation time

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
P. YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) ◽  
Ph. SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) ◽  
S. SAMOUILIDIS (Σ. ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛΙΔΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Female Genital

The influence of mixing heterogeneous sperm populations in rabbit semen fertility was studied. Eighty female rabbits which were divided in 4 groups (1,2,3 and 4) in = 20.) and 3 males of proven fertility were employed. The animals of group 1,2 and 3 were inseminated with semen from male A j, A2 and A3, respectively, while those of group 4 were inseminated with a mixture containing equal number of progressively motile spermatozoa from each of the above mentioned males ( A 1 + 2 + 3 ) (heterospermic insemination). Animals of each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to the insemination time (15,10, 5 and 0 hours prior the expected ovulation). In each group, differences were observed (P<0.05) between subgroups at the percentage of animals that delivered, indicating differences between males at the time and the duration of sperm capacitation in vivo. Based on the percentage of the animals that delivered and the litter size, semen fertility was improved after the application of heterospermic insemination, at all insemination times. This improvement was attributed to the extension of the time during which capacitated spermatozoa were present in the female genital tract due to the mixture of heterogeneous sperm populations of different capacitation time.

scholarly journals Sperm migration in the genital tract - in silico experiments identify key factors for reproductive success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorin Diemer ◽  
Jens Hahn ◽  
Björn Goldenbogen ◽  
Karin Müller ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Sperm Migration ◽  
Sperm Motion ◽  
Female Genital

Sperm migration in the female genital tract controls sperm selection and, therefore, reproductive success as male gametes are conditioned for fertilization while their number is dramatically reduced. Mechanisms underlying sperm migration are mostly unknown, since in vivo investigations are mostly unfeasible for ethical or practical reasons. By presenting a spatio-temporal model of the mammalian female genital tract combined with agent-based description of sperm motion and interaction as well as parameterizing it with bovine data, we offer an alternative possibility for studying sperm migration in silico. The model incorporates genital tract geometry as well as biophysical principles of sperm motion observed in vitro such as positive rheotaxis and thigmotaxis. This model for sperm migration from vagina to oviducts was successfully tested against in vivo data from literature. We found that physical sperm characteristics such as velocity and directional stability as well as sperm-fluid interactions and wall alignment are critical for success, i.e. sperms reaching the oviducts. Therefore, we propose that these identified sperm parameters should be considered in detail for conditioning sperm in artificial selection procedures since the natural processes are normally bypassed in reproductive in vitro technologies. The tremendous impact of mucus flow to support sperm accumulation in the oviduct highlights the importance of a species-specific optimum time window for artificial insemination regarding ovulation. Predictions from our extendable in silico experimental system will improve assisted reproduction in humans, endangered species, and livestock.

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