Smart windows control light, heat, energy use

SPIE Newsroom ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPIE
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Control Light

scholarly journals Optimal Control Strategies for Switchable Transparent Insulation Systems Applied to Smart Windows for US Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2917
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dabbagh ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Optimal Controls ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Rule Set

This paper evaluates the potential energy use and peak demand savings associated with optimal controls of switchable transparent insulation systems (STIS) applied to smart windows for US residential buildings. The optimal controls are developed based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to identify the automatic settings of the dynamic shades. First, switchable insulation systems and their operation mechanisms are briefly described when combined with smart windows. Then, the GA-based optimization approach is outlined to operate switchable insulation systems applied to windows for a prototypical US residential building. The optimized controls are implemented to reduce heating and cooling energy end-uses for a house located four US locations, during three representative days of swing, summer, and winter seasons. The performance of optimal controller is compared to that obtained using simplified rule-based control sets to operate the dynamic insulation systems. The analysis results indicate that optimized controls of STISs can save up to 81.8% in daily thermal loads compared to the simplified rule-set especially when dwellings are located in hot climates such as that of Phoenix, AZ. Moreover, optimally controlled STISs can reduce electrical peak demand by up to 49.8% compared to the simplified rule-set, indicating significant energy efficiency and demand response potentials of the SIS technology when applied to US residential buildings.

Towards a 3D Spatial Urban Energy Modelling Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Bahu ◽  
Andreas Koch ◽  
Enrique Kremers ◽  
Syed Monjur Murshed
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
3D City Models ◽  
City Models ◽  
Modelling Approach

Today's needs to reduce the environmental impact of energy use impose dramatic changes for energy infrastructure and existing demand patterns (e.g. buildings) corresponding to their specific context. In addition, future energy systems are expected to integrate a considerable share of fluctuating power sources and equally a high share of distributed generation of electricity. Energy system models capable of describing such future systems and allowing the simulation of the impact of these developments thus require a spatial representation in order to reflect the local context and the boundary conditions. This paper describes two recent research approaches developed at EIFER in the fields of (a) geo-localised simulation of heat energy demand in cities based on 3D morphological data and (b) spatially explicit Agent-Based Models (ABM) for the simulation of smart grids. 3D city models were used to assess solar potential and heat energy demand of residential buildings which enable cities to target the building refurbishment potentials. Distributed energy systems require innovative modelling techniques where individual components are represented and can interact. With this approach, several smart grid demonstrators were simulated, where heterogeneous models are spatially represented. Coupling 3D geodata with energy system ABMs holds different advantages for both approaches. On one hand, energy system models can be enhanced with high resolution data from 3D city models and their semantic relations. Furthermore, they allow for spatial analysis and visualisation of the results, with emphasis on spatially and structurally correlations among the different layers (e.g. infrastructure, buildings, administrative zones) to provide an integrated approach. On the other hand, 3D models can benefit from more detailed system description of energy infrastructure, representing dynamic phenomena and high resolution models for energy use at component level. The proposed modelling strategies conceptually and practically integrate urban spatial and energy planning approaches. The combined modelling approach that will be developed based on the described sectorial models holds the potential to represent hybrid energy systems coupling distributed generation of electricity with thermal conversion systems.

NIWM: non-intrusive water monitoring to uncover heat energy use in households

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Schöb ◽  
Sebastian A. Günther ◽  
Karl Regensburger ◽  
Thorsten Staake
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Water Monitoring

scholarly journals Airtightness and Heat Energy Loss of Mid-Size Terraced Houses Built of Different Construction Materials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6367
Author(s):  
Valdas Paukštys ◽  
Gintaris Cinelis ◽  
Jūratė Mockienė ◽  
Mindaugas Daukšys
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Class ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Certification Procedure

The European Union has adopted legislation aimed to increase the use of renewable energy and improve the effectiveness of conventional-form energy use. Additional structure insulation helps to decrease heat energy loss. Airtightness of the building envelope (building airtightness) is an additional factor that determines comfortable and energy-saving living environment. The conformity of heat energy loss with the object’s design energy class is one of the mandatory indicators used in the obligatory building energy performance certification procedure. Optionally, the objects to be certified are the entire buildings or separate units (flats). There is an issue of concern whether a flat assessed as a separate housing unit would meet the requirements of design energy class depending on the location of the unit in the building. The study is aimed to determine the change in heat loss of end units in terraced houses (townhouses) as a result of various factors, leading to uneven airtightness of the building envelope. The non-destructive assessment of building airtightness was implemented through the combined use of methods, namely Blower Door Test (around 200 measurements) and Infrared Thermography. The hollow clay unit masonry showed ca. 7–11% less airtightness than the sand–lime block masonry structure. The end units were up to 20% less airtight compared to the inside units.

scholarly journals Optimized Physical Properties of Electrochromic Smart Windows to Reduce Cooling and Heating Loads of Office Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyang Kim ◽  
Jongin Hong ◽  
Seung-Hoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Saving Rates ◽  
Operation Schedule ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
And Control ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Over Time

The concept of smart windows that can change the properties of windows and doors in response to external stimuli has recently been introduced. Smart windows provide superior energy savings and control of indoor environments. This concept can advance sustainable architecture, and it will make it possible to connect with the fourth industry, which has developed recently. However, unlike the relevant hardware, is advancing rapidly, research on methods of adjusting smart windows is slow. Therefore, in this study, an analysis of energy use over time was conducted on electrochromic windows, one of the main types of smart windows. Through this analysis, the optimal properties of electrochromic smart windows were identified, and an operation schedule was created. In addition, energy saving rates were derived through a comparison with existing architectural windows.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF WATER HEAT ENERGY USE ON STREAM TEMPERATURE IN URBAN RIVERS UNDER TIDAL VARIATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi KINOUCHI ◽  
Yoshihisa KAWAHARA ◽  
Tadashi SUETSUGI ◽  
Hiroaki KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Tidal Variation ◽  
Influence Of Water
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