Potential application of optical phased arrays in two-photon three-dimensional optical memories

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert F. Lawrence ◽  
Robert R. Birge
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Optical Memories ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

Two-photon absorption properties of novel organic materials for three-dimensional optical memories

2003 ◽  
Vol 369 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Polyzos ◽  
G. Tsigaridas ◽  
M. Fakis ◽  
V. Giannetas ◽  
P. Persephonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Optical Memories

scholarly journals High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lan Fan ◽  
Jose A. Rivera ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
John Peterson ◽  
Henry Haeberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Two Photon

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes in vivo. Currently, a volumetric vasculature imaging method with sub-capillary spatial resolution and blood flow-resolving speed is lacking. Here, using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) with an axially extended Bessel focus, we capture volumetric hemodynamics in the awake mouse brain at a spatiotemporal resolution sufficient for measuring capillary size and blood flow. With Bessel TPLSM, the fluorescence signal of a vessel becomes proportional to its size, which enables convenient intensity-based analysis of vessel dilation and constriction dynamics in large volumes. We observe entrainment of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/second. Demonstrating high-throughput monitoring of hemodynamics in the awake brain, we expect Bessel TPLSM to make broad impacts on neurovasculature research.

scholarly journals Integrated Optical Phased Arrays for Beam Forming and Steering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Yongjun Guo ◽  
Yuhao Guo ◽  
Chunshu Li ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Integrated Optical ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Spectral Ranges

Integrated optical phased arrays can be used for beam shaping and steering with a small footprint, lightweight, high mechanical stability, low price, and high-yield, benefiting from the mature CMOS-compatible fabrication. This paper reviews the development of integrated optical phased arrays in recent years. The principles, building blocks, and configurations of integrated optical phased arrays for beam forming and steering are presented. Various material platforms can be used to build integrated optical phased arrays, e.g., silicon photonics platforms, III/V platforms, and III–V/silicon hybrid platforms. Integrated optical phased arrays can be implemented in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral ranges. The main performance parameters, such as field of view, beamwidth, sidelobe suppression, modulation speed, power consumption, scalability, and so on, are discussed in detail. Some of the typical applications of integrated optical phased arrays, such as free-space communication, light detection and ranging, imaging, and biological sensing, are shown, with future perspectives provided at the end.

Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Glucose Metabolism in Living Tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
David W. Piston
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Two Photon Excitation

Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. It provides three-dimensional resolution and eliminates background equivalent to an ideal confocal microscope without requiring a confocal spatial filter, whose absence enhances fluorescence collection efficiency. This results in inherent submicron optical sectioning by excitation alone. In practice, TPEM is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 limits the average input power to less than 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy. Because of the intensity-squared dependence of the two-photon absorption, the excitation is limited to the focal volume.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional cardiac architecture determined by two-photon microtomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 044029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden Huang ◽  
Catherine MacGillivray ◽  
Hyuk-Sang Kwon ◽  
Jan Lammerding ◽  
Jeffrey Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Advanced Micro-Actuator/Robot Fabrication Using Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing and Its Remote Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8563
Author(s):  
Sangmo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Acoustic Control ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Invasive Control

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) based on the femtosecond laser (fs laser) direct writing technique in the realization of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) shapes is spotlighted as a unique and promising processing technique. It is also interesting that TPP can be applied to various applications in not only optics, chemistry, physics, biomedical engineering, and microfluidics but also micro-robotics systems. Effort has been made to design innovative microscale actuators, and research on how to remotely manipulate actuators is also constantly being conducted. Various manipulation methods have been devised including the magnetic, optical, and acoustic control of microscale actuators, demonstrating the great potential for non-contact and non-invasive control. However, research related to the precise control of microscale actuators is still in the early stages, and in-depth research is needed for the efficient control and diversification of a range of applications. In the future, the combination of the fs laser-based fabrication technique for the precise fabrication of microscale actuators/robots and their manipulation can be established as a next-generation processing method by presenting the possibility of applications to various areas.

Two-photon 3-D optical memories

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik C. Esener ◽  
Peter M. Rentzepis
Keyword(s):  
Two Photon ◽  
Optical Memories

scholarly journals Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1118-1136
Author(s):  
Zhenjia Huang ◽  
Gary Chi-Pong Tsui ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Chak-Yin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

AbstractMicro/nano-fabrication technology via two-photon polymerization (TPP) nanolithography is a powerful and useful manufacturing tool that is capable of generating two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) arbitrary micro/nano-structures of various materials with a high spatial resolution. This technology has received tremendous interest in cell and tissue engineering and medical microdevices because of its remarkable fabrication capability for sophisticated structures from macro- to nano-scale, which are difficult to be achieved by traditional methods with limited microarchitecture controllability. To fabricate precisely designed 3D micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications via TPP nanolithography, the use of photoinitiators (PIs) and photoresists needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this review, widely used commercially available PIs are first discussed, followed by elucidating synthesis strategies of water-soluble initiators for biomedical applications. In addition to the conventional photoresists, the distinctive properties of customized stimulus-responsive photoresists are discussed. Finally, current limitations and challenges in the material and fabrication aspects and an outlook for future prospects of TPP for biomedical applications based on different biocompatible photosensitive composites are discussed comprehensively. In all, this review provides a basic understanding of TPP technology and important roles of PIs and photoresists for fabricating high-precision stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for a wide range of biomedical applications.

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