The P88000 Series of Large Area CCDs for Visible, Near Infra-red, and X-Ray Scientific Imaging Applications.

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bailey ◽  
Peter Pool
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Komalasari ◽  
Bambang Sunendar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

Infra-Red Reflectance Microscopy (IRRM) for Daisy Chain Flip Chip Device Failure Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Grilletto ◽  
Steve Hsiung ◽  
Andrew Komrowski ◽  
John Soopikian ◽  
Daniel J.D. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Simple Metal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Reflectance Microscopy ◽  
Ir Emission

Abstract This paper describes a method to "non-destructively" inspect the bump side of an assembled flip-chip test die. The method is used in conjunction with a simple metal-connecting "modified daisy chain" die and makes use of the fact that polished silicon is transparent to infra-red (IR) light. The paper describes the technique, scope of detection and examples of failure mechanisms successfully identified. It includes an example of a shorting anomaly that was not detectable with the state of the art X-ray equipment, but was detected by an IR emission microscope. The anomalies, in many cases, have shown to be the cause of failure. Once this has been accomplished, then a reasonable deprocessing plan can be instituted to proceed with the failure analysis.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals The hard X-ray response of a large area HgI2 detector

2002 ◽  
Vol 487 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Owens ◽  
H Andersson ◽  
M Bavdaz ◽  
L van den Berg ◽  
A Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Discovery of recombining plasma inside the extended gamma-ray supernova remnant HB9

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (3) ◽  
pp. 4300-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sezer ◽  
T Ergin ◽  
R Yamazaki ◽  
H Sano ◽  
Y Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnant ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radio Continuum ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
East Region ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Collisional Ionization

ABSTRACT We present the results from the Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer observation of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant (SNR) HB9 (G160.9+2.6). We discovered recombining plasma (RP) in the western Suzaku observation region and the spectra here are well described by a model having collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) and RP components. On the other hand, the X-ray spectra from the eastern Suzaku observation region are best reproduced by the CIE and non-equilibrium ionization model. We discuss possible scenarios to explain the origin of the RP emission based on the observational properties and concluded that the rarefaction scenario is a possible explanation for the existence of RP. In addition, the gamma-ray emission morphology and spectrum within the energy range of 0.2–300 GeV are investigated using 10 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The gamma-ray morphology of HB9 is best described by the spatial template of radio continuum emission. The spectrum is well fit to a log-parabola function and its detection significance was found to be 25σ. Moreover, a new gamma-ray point source located just outside the south-east region of the SNR’s shell was detected with a significance of 6σ. We also investigated the archival H i and CO data and detected an expanding shell structure in the velocity range of $-10.5$ and $+1.8$ km s−1 that is coinciding with a region of gamma-ray enhancement at the southern rim of the HB9 shell.

scholarly journals Influence of the Presence of Different Alkali Cations and the Amount of Fe(CN)6 Vacancies on CO2 Adsorption on Copper Hexacyanoferrates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svensson ◽  
Grins ◽  
Eklöf ◽  
Eriksson ◽  
Wardecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Cations ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Adsorption Capability

The CO2 adsorption on various Prussian blue analogue hexacyanoferrates was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. Compositions of prepared phases were verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The influence of different alkali cations in the cubic Fm3m structures was investigated for nominal compositions A2/3Cu[Fe(CN)6]2/3 with A = vacant, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. The Rb and Cs compounds show the highest CO2 adsorption per unit cell, 3.3 molecules of CO2 at 20 C and 1 bar, while in terms of mmol/g the Na compound exhibits the highest adsorption capability, 3.8 mmol/g at 20 C and 1 bar. The fastest adsorption/desorption is exhibited by the A-cation free compound and the Li compound. The influence of the amount of Fe(CN)6 vacancies were assessed by determining the CO2 adsorption capabilities of Cu[Fe(CN)6]1/2 (Fm3m symmetry, nominally 50% vacancies), KCu[Fe(CN)6]3/4 (Fm3m symmetry, nominally 25% vacancies), and CsCu[Fe(CN)6] (I-4m2 symmetry, nominally 0% vacancies). Higher adsorption was, as expected, shown on compounds with higher vacancy concentrations.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

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