Ionizing Radiation Response Effects On Optical Fibers In Radiation Therapy Dosimetry Applications

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou-Samad Beddar ◽  
Patrick D. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Radiation Response

scholarly journals Offset of apparent hyperpolarized 13 C lactate flux by the use of adjuvant metformin in ionizing radiation therapy in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young‐Suk Choi ◽  
Joonsung Lee ◽  
Han‐Sol Lee ◽  
Jae Eun Song ◽  
Dong‐Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation

VA-7 ionizing radiation response of GaAs heterostructure technologies

1987 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2377-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Listvan ◽  
P.J. Vold ◽  
D.K. Arch
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Response

scholarly journals Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Therapy: A Novel Treatment for Post-Concussion Syndrome?

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582110443
Author(s):  
Paul A. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Alzhiemer's Disease

A subset of victims who experience concussion suffer from persistent symptoms spanning months to years post-injury, termed post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Problematically, there is lack of consensus for the treatment of PCS. Concussion injury involves a neurometabolic cascade leading to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which parallels the oxidative stress loading occuring from age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Historical and recent evidence has emerged showing the efficacy of low-dose radiation therapy for many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzhiemer’s disease (AD). Due to the pathognomonic similarities of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation involved in PCS and neurodegenerative disease, treatments that prove successful for neurodegenerative disease may prove successful for PCS. Recently, low-dose ionizing radiation therapy (LDIR) has been documented to show a reversal of many symptoms in AD, including improved cognition. LDIR is thought to induce a switching from proinflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In other words, a continual upregulation of the adaptive protection systems via LDIR induces health enhancement. It is hypothesized LDIR treatment for PCS would mimic that seen from early evidence of LDIR treatment of AD patients who suffer from similar oxidative stress loading. We propose the application of LDIR is a promising, untapped treatment for PCS.

scholarly journals The Hypoxic Microenvironment of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance in Radiation Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordell Gilreath ◽  
Marjan Boerma ◽  
Zhiqiang Qin ◽  
M. Keith Hudson ◽  
Shanzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.

New Aspects of Radiotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker: Radio Sensitivity Response to Acute Ionizing Radiation Induces Cell Characteristic Reprogramming and Enhanced Cytokine Release of In Vitro Activated Macrophage Cell Line (RAW 264.7)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi ◽  
Jaber Zafari ◽  
Fatemeh Javani Jouni ◽  
Hossein Abbasinia ◽  
Mitra Abbasifard
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

Abstract The response of biological systems to various types of radiations have many ambiguous dimensions. Among ionizing radiations, in vitro external gamma radiation therapy has mostly studied as model to declare the biological system challenges with radiation effects. Cell/organism exposure to gamma radiation, caused cascade of ionization events such as severe irreversible biological damages. However, the biological responses and oxidative stress related mechanisms under acute radiation conditions poorly understood in inflammatory systems. Following study tried to give a model about ionizing radiation effect on the macrophage that had a key role in inflammation mechanisms; to evaluate the impact of radiotherapy approach for inflammatory disease as rheumatoid arthritis. To this aim, Macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) culture, exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (0,4, 6, 8, 10 Gy). Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration; NO and PGE2 production; expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic genes and cytokine secretion of macrophages was also evaluated.The results showed that gamma treatment, at 4 Gy radiation, have slight effect on macrophage characteristics and cytokine secretion pattern. Versus, higher doses (8 and 10 Gy) increased DNA damage, expression of apoptotic genes and secretion of NO and PGE2 cytokines. 6 Gy radiation, the maximum radiation dose, show moderate nondestructive effects and inflammation process modulation. In this study, doses higher than 6 Gy of Gamma radiation caused cell mortality. It seems that 6 Gy Gamma radiation modulate the inflammatory cascade caused by macrophage cell, as a central core of autoimmune inflammatory disease in acute dose radiation therapy.

Radiation Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 734-736
Author(s):  
Sameer R. Keole
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Diagnostic Radiation ◽  
Oncology Treatment

Radiation oncology is the specialty of medicine in which ionizing radiation is used to treat both malignant and benign conditions. The term radiation therapy (RT) is used, in part, as a differentiator from diagnostic radiation. In radiation oncology, treatment is provided with a team-based approach by physicians, nurses, physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists. Dosimetrists perform the initial planning and mapping of the radiation fields. Radiation therapists deliver the treatment with external beam radiation therapy machines.

scholarly journals Combining PARP inhibition, radiation, and immunotherapy: A possible strategy to improve the treatment of cancer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Césaire ◽  
Juliette Thariat ◽  
Serge M. Candéias ◽  
Dinu Stefan ◽  
Yannick Saintigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Parp Inhibition

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the practice of oncology, improving survival in certain groups of patients with cancer. Immunotherapy can synergize with radiation therapy, increase locoregional control, and have abscopal effects. Combining it with other treatments, such as targeted therapies, is a promising means of improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Because the value of immunotherapy is amplified with the expression of tumor antigens, coupling poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapy might be a promising treatment for cancer. Further, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are being combined with radiation therapy to inhibit DNA repair functions, thus enhancing the effects of radiation; this association might interact with the antitumor immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are central to the antitumor immune response. PARP inhibitors and ionizing radiation can enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into the tumor bed, but they can also enhance PD-1/PDL-1 expression. Thus, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors with PARP inhibitors and/or ionizing radiation could counterbalance such immunosuppressive effects. With the present review article, we proposed to evaluate some of these associated therapies, and we explored the biological mechanisms and medical benefits of the potential combination of radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors.

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