A Dual Charge-Coupled Device (Ccd), Astronomical Spectrometer And Direct Imaging Camera I. Optical And Detector Systems

Author(s):  
S. S. Meyer ◽  
G. R. Ricker
2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 106103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Saito ◽  
Tomohiro Matsubara ◽  
Tomoya Koga ◽  
Fumitoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takuya D. Kawahara ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Puppels ◽  
M. Grond ◽  
J. Greve

A new type of imaging Raman microscope is described. First the advantages and disadvantages of the two possible approaches to Raman microscopy based on signal detection by means of a charge-coupled-device camera (i.e., direct imaging and image reconstruction) are discussed. Arguments are given to show that in most cases direct imaging is to be preferred over image reconstruction, because it provides the desired information in less time. In the direct imaging Raman microscope presented in this communication, detection of scattered light occurs in a narrow interval around a fixed wavelength. Selection of the Raman wavenumber shift at which an image is recorded is established by tuning the wavelength of the exciting laser light in such a way that the wavelength of the Raman scattered light with the desired Raman shift coincides with the detected wavelength. The microscope has been incorporated in a Raman microspectrometer in a way that enables easy switching between the imaging and the multichannel spectroscopy modes of operation. Bright field, fluorescence, and Raman microscopic images can be obtained.


1998 ◽  
Vol 110 (754) ◽  
pp. 1487-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kells ◽  
A. Dressler ◽  
A. Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
D. Carr ◽  
E. Koch ◽  
...  

1970 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
G. Muehllehner

SummaryThe diverging collimator makes it possible to increase the field of view of a radioisotope imaging camera. The larger field of view is obtained by sacrificing efficiency per unit area of the field of view while preserving the resolution of the system. This situation is analogous to that of the scanner, where the efficiency per unit area is inversely proportional to the total area scanned.Efficiency and resolution of diverging collimators can be calculated quite accurately as is evidenced by the good agreement between calculated and measured values. The problem of septum penetration, however, needs to be further investigated for both parallel-hole as well as diverging collimators, so that the influence of the shape and arrangement of the holes upon septum penetration is taken into account.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Whitaker ◽  
Kevin Hayes

Raman Spectroscopy is a widely used analytical technique, favoured when molecular specificity with minimal sample preparation is required.<br>The majority of Raman instruments use charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, these are susceptible to cosmic rays and as such multiple spurious spikes can occur in the measurement. These spikes are problematic as they may hinder subsequent analysis, particularly if multivariate data analysis is required. In this work we present a new algorithm to remove these spikes from spectra after acquisition. Specifically we use calculation of modified <i>Z</i> scores to locate spikes followed by a simple moving average filter to remove them. The algorithm is very simple and its execution is essentially instantaneous, resulting in spike-free spectra with minimal distortion of actual Raman data. The presented algorithm represents an improvement on existing spike removal methods by utilising simple, easy to understand mathematical concepts, making it ideal for experts and non-experts alike. <br>


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Whitaker ◽  
Kevin Hayes

Raman Spectroscopy is a widely used analytical technique, favoured when molecular specificity with minimal sample preparation is required.<br>The majority of Raman instruments use charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, these are susceptible to cosmic rays and as such multiple spurious spikes can occur in the measurement. These spikes are problematic as they may hinder subsequent analysis, particularly if multivariate data analysis is required. In this work we present a new algorithm to remove these spikes from spectra after acquisition. Specifically we use calculation of modified <i>Z</i> scores to locate spikes followed by a simple moving average filter to remove them. The algorithm is very simple and its execution is essentially instantaneous, resulting in spike-free spectra with minimal distortion of actual Raman data. The presented algorithm represents an improvement on existing spike removal methods by utilising simple, easy to understand mathematical concepts, making it ideal for experts and non-experts alike. <br>


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