Lens Design That Simultaneously Optimizes Image Spots, Optical Path Difference (OPD), Diffraction Modulation Transfer Function (DMTF), And Seidel Aberrations

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berlyn Brixner
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Modulation Transfer Function ◽  
Optical Path Difference ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Diffraction Modulation

scholarly journals Calculation of contrast for computer simulated resolution chart image

2021 ◽  
Vol 2127 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Kachurin ◽  
A V Kryukov ◽  
O A Kananykhin ◽  
A V Fedorinov
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Modulation Transfer Function ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Diffraction Modulation

Abstract The work is devoted to the analysis of the resolution chart image created with the Image Simulation mode of ZEMAX software. The changes in image quality are simulated using the model of Helios-44M-4 photographic objective lens. The research is conducted for monochromatic light conditions and computer simulated resolution test chart as an object for the lens with different chart positions. An axial beam and an off-axis beam that corresponds to the maximum object space field angle are analyzed. The calculation of contrast of the simulated resolution chart images is made modeling different spatial frequencies of the chart lines. The contrast is calculated in three ways. The first way uses the maximum and minimum values of the image illumination, and the second and third ways are based on the integral values of the illumination of black and white lines, calculated with the method of rectangles and the method of trapeziums, respectively. Having been calculated the values of contrast are compared with the theoretical values of the diffraction modulation transfer function obtained with ZEMAX.

Design of Photoelectric Detection System Used for Atmospheric Microdroplets and Modulation Transfer Function Model of Gaussian Beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1098-1106
Author(s):  
Yang Ping
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Modulation Transfer Function ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Transfer Function Model ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Photoelectric Detection

Atmospheric corrosion is an electrochemical corrosion process of metal materials in the atmospheric environment. Microdroplet phenomenon is an experimental phenomenon in the early stage of atmospheric corrosion, which is closely related to atmospheric corrosion. Photoelectric detection of microdroplet phenomenon has become a technical means to study atmospheric corrosion. A set of microdroplet photoelectric detection systems with small size, high integration, and low detection limit is designed and constructed. First, the microdroplet optical chip is designed and fabricated. The microdroplet chip with a single function is replaced by the microdroplet chip with optical microlenses, and the miRNA is detected on the photoelectric platform of the optical chip. The optical fiber is adopted to replace the traditional objective lens to excite the optical path, reduce the volume of the spatial optical path, and realize the miniaturization of the photoelectric detection system. Based on this system, the nonlinear relationship between atmospheric turbulence effect and atmospheric optical parameters is analyzed with Gaussian beams propagating in the atmosphere. In the experiment, the detection range of the photoelectric detection system is 5 nM~100 nM, and the linear correlation is 0.9958. The signals of Cy3 and Cy5 are detected by two groups of photomultiplier tube (PMT) to realize the detection of miRNA. Microlenses enhance the intensity of the photoelectric signal and reduce the detection limit. Microdroplets are used to encapsulate miRNA, reduce the amount of detection material, and solve the degradation of detection material by RNase. The modulation transfer function model of Gaussian beam is established with the assistance of the photoelectric detection system, which is suitable for the case that cannot be ignored in Kolmogorov turbulence under the action of internal/external scale.

45.5X Infinity Corrected Schwarzschild Microscope Objective Lens Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Sami D. Alaruri
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Modulation Transfer Function ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Microscope Objective ◽  
Spherical Mirrors ◽  
Microscope Objective Lens

In this article, the design of a 45.5X (numerical aperture (NA) =0.5) infinity corrected, or infinite conjugate, Schwarzschild reflective microscope objective lens is discussed. Fast Fourier transform modulation transfer function (FFT MTF= 568.4 lines/mm at 50% contrast for the on-axis field-of-view), root-mean-square wavefront error (RMS WFE= 0.024 waves at 700 nm), point spread function (PSF, Strehl ratio= 0.972), encircled energy (0.88 µm spot radius at 80% fraction of enclosed energy), optical path difference (OPD=-0.644 waves) and Seidel coefficients calculated with Zemax® are provided to show that the design is diffraction-limited and aberration-free. Furthermore, formulas expressing the relationship between the parameters of the two spherical mirrors and the Schwarzschild objective lens focal length are given. In addition, tolerance and sensitivity analysis for the Schwarzschild objective lens, two spherical mirrors indicate that tilting the concave mirror (or secondary mirror) has a higher impact on the modulation transfer function values than tilts introduced by the convex mirror (or primary mirror). Finally, the performed tolerance and sensitivity analysis on the lens design suggests that decentering any of the mirrors by the same distance has the same effect on the modulation transfer function values.

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