Validating Visual Cues In Flight Simulator Visual Displays

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Visual Displays

Evaluating the Spatial Resolution of Flight-Simulator Visual Displays

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Geri ◽  
Marc D. Winterbottom ◽  
Byron J. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Visual Displays

The Implications of Image Collimation for Flight Simulator Training

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1383-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron J. Pierce ◽  
George A. Geri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Real Image ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Image Displays ◽  
Real Imagery ◽  
Perceived Velocity

There is some question as to whether non-collimated (i.e., real) imagery viewed at one meter or less provides sufficiently realistic visual cues to support out-the-window flight simulator training. As a first step toward answering this question, we have obtained perceived size and velocity estimates using both simple stimuli in a controlled laboratory setting and full simulator imagery in an apparatus consisting of optically combined collimated and real-image displays. In the size study it was found that real imagery appeared 15-30% smaller than collimated imagery. In the velocity studies, the laboratory data showed that the perceived velocity of real imagery was less than that of collimated imagery. No perceived velocity effects were found with the simulator imagery. Results support the position that for training tasks requiring accurate perception of spatial and temporal aspects of the simulated visual environment, misperceptions of size, but not velocity, need to be considered when real-image displays are used.

Flight simulator-induced sickness and visual displays evaluation.

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. Warner ◽  
Gary L. Serfoss ◽  
Todd M. Baruch ◽  
David C. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Visual Displays

Increasing Altitude and the Optokinetic Cervical Reflex

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Stewart ◽  
Sravan Pingali ◽  
David G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Flight Simulator ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Bank Angle ◽  
Environment Changes ◽  
Post Hoc

INTRODUCTION: When an aircraft banks pilots will reflexively tilt their heads in the opposite direction, known as the optokinetic cervical reflex (OKCR). This is elicited by the appearance of the horizon and is an attempt to keep the moving horizon stable on the pilots retina to help maintain spatial orientation. The appearance of the horizon and the visual environment changes at higher altitudes and there is little research studying the effects of this. Our hypothesis was that increasing altitude would alter the visual cues present and decrease the OKCR.METHODS: There were 16 subjects who flew two flights in a flight simulator while their head tilt, aircraft altitude, and angle of aircraft bank were recorded. The flights were at an altitude of under 1500 ft above ground and above 15,000 ft above ground.RESULTS: Aircraft bank caused head tilt in the opposite direction at both altitudes. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that 86% of aircraft bank angles from 0 to 90 in either direction had a head tilt that was statistically significantly smaller at high altitude.DISCUSSION: This study shows that there appears to be a difference between the OKCR at low and high altitude. Pilots at higher altitude seem to exhibit a smaller head tilt for the same aircraft bank angle. More research is required to fully understand why there is a decrease in the OKCR at high altitude, as well as the actual consequences of the decreased reflex on pilot orientation.Stewart MA, Pingali S, Newman DG. Increasing altitude and the optokinetic cervical reflex. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(5):319325.

Supporting the Use of Rudimentary Vocalizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Zubow ◽  
Richard Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
The Face

Children with Rett Syndrome (RS) are reported to use multiple modalities to communicate although their intentionality is often questioned (Bartolotta, Zipp, Simpkins, & Glazewski, 2011; Hetzroni & Rubin, 2006; Sigafoos et al., 2000; Sigafoos, Woodyatt, Tuckeer, Roberts-Pennell, & Pittendreigh, 2000). This paper will present results of a study analyzing the unconventional vocalizations of a child with RS. The primary research question addresses the ability of familiar and unfamiliar listeners to interpret unconventional vocalizations as “yes” or “no” responses. This paper will also address the acoustic analysis and perceptual judgments of these vocalizations. Pre-recorded isolated vocalizations of “yes” and “no” were presented to 5 listeners (mother, father, 1 unfamiliar, and 2 familiar clinicians) and the listeners were asked to rate the vocalizations as either “yes” or “no.” The ratings were compared to the original identification made by the child's mother during the face-to-face interaction from which the samples were drawn. Findings of this study suggest, in this case, the child's vocalizations were intentional and could be interpreted by familiar and unfamiliar listeners as either “yes” or “no” without contextual or visual cues. The results suggest that communication partners should be trained to attend to eye-gaze and vocalizations to ensure the child's intended choice is accurately understood.

The Use of Real-Time Visual Displays of Speech in the Training of a Profoundly Deaf, Nonspeaking Child: A Case Report

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Behavior Problem ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Individual Instruction ◽  
Academic Record ◽  
Extract Information

Real-time amplitude contour and spectral displays were used in teaching speech production skills to a profoundly deaf, nonspeaking boy. This child had a visual attention problem, a behavior problem, and a poor academic record. In individual instruction, he was first taught to produce features of speech, for example, friction, nasal, and stop, which are present in vocalizations of 6- to 9-month-old infants, and then to combine these features in syllables and words. He made progress in speech, although sign language and finger spelling were taught at the same time. Speech production skills were retained after instruction was terminated. The results suggest that deaf children are able to extract information about the features of speech from visual displays, and that a developmental sequence should be followed as far as possible in teaching speech production skills to them.

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