Refractive index profile forming possibilities in planar waveguides produced by ion exchange method for amplitude sensors applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rogoziński ◽  
Tomasz Kotyczka
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Planar Waveguides ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ion Exchange Method

scholarly journals Producibility of the ion-exchange method in manufacturing gradient refractive index in glass

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rogoziński
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ion Exchange Method ◽  
Gradient Refractive Index ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract This paper presents the technological aspect of application of the ion exchange method in producing gradient refractive index in glass. The possibility of predictable and repeatable producing of the changes in glass refraction with the use of this method has been presented, as well as the method of in situ control of the process of diffusion doping of glass based on the measurement of the temperature. This method is based on simultaneous (to the carried process) solving the nonlinear diffusion equation modeling the spatio-temporal changes in normalized concentration of the admixture ions in glass. For this purpose the knowledge of temperature characteristics of diffusion coefficients of exchanged ions is used. The result of such control of diffusion processes is information on the current (temporary) refractive index profile of the resulting waveguide. The presented method of control has been confirmed by experimental results, which concern modeling and measurements of planar waveguide structures of slab type. The proposed methodology can also be used to control the diffusion processes of producing another type of two- and three-dimensional gradient structures. According to the author’s knowledge the method mentioned above has not been described in literature before.

Fabrication Applications of GRIN Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Li ◽  
Bao Wen Hu ◽  
Zheng Quan He ◽  
Min Rui Zhang ◽  
Jun Min Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Optical Glass ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Medical Endoscope ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Fiber Communications ◽  
Ion Exchange Method

In recent years, a series of gradient index (GRIN) materials including Optical glass and polymer have been Research and developed in our laboratory. The Micro-lenses and arrays with the special optical materials also have been fabricated mainly by using Ion-exchange method through refractive index profile, which are applied to micro-optic devices and other applications—— especially in the coupled and connected devices for fiber communications and medical endoscope or they are used primarily for document scanning equipments.

Utilizing multimode interference effects in integrated graded-index optical waveguides for efficient power splitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Philipp Roth ◽  
Thomas Kühler ◽  
Elmar Griese
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Multimode Interference ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Waveguide Components ◽  
Efficient Power

Purpose For the realization of optical waveguide components, needed for photonic integrated circuits, multimode-interference based (MMI-based) devices are an excellent component class for the realization of low loss optical splitters. A promising approach to the manufacturing of these components is their embedding in thin glass sheets by ion-exchange diffusion processes, which has not yet been extensively studied. This study aims to significantly enhance the modeling of the diffusion process to support manufacturing of graded-index, MMI-based optical splitters. Design/methodology/approach The methods of design and analysis of MMI-based components are based on a step-index refractive index profile. In this work, fundamental correlations between the properties of the manufacturing ion-exchange process and the characteristics of the graded-index, MMI-based components are established. The refractive index profile is calculated with a proprietary solver based on the finite element method. Any further investigation with respect to parameter influence is based on the beam propagation method, specifically a finite difference based, semi-vectorial, wide-angle beam propagation algorithm. The influence of the parameters of the self-imaging effect is investigated. On this basis, different approaches for efficient power splitting with graded-index, MMI-based waveguide components are evaluated. Findings Easy approximations – mostly linear – can be found to model the dependencies of the investigated parameters. The resulting graded-index splitters are characterized by their low excess and insertion loss. Originality/value These findings are the first step in the direction of the semi-analytical modeling of the respective waveguide components to reduce the numerical effort.

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