Small-dimension portable instrument for in-situ multispectral imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Piegari ◽  
A. Sytchkova ◽  
A. Della Patria ◽  
F. Fermi ◽  
C. Oleari
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Portable Instrument

Microstructure and Tensile Property of Zn-Al Alloy Reinforced with Titanium Produced by Electrolysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1415-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Qing Yan ◽  
Jing Pei Xie ◽  
Wen Yan Wang ◽  
Ji Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Exotic Particles ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
High Dispersity

In this study, some low-titanium aluminum alloys produced by electrolysis were prepared and the effect of various titanium contents on microstructure and tensile property of Zn-Al alloy was investigated. The test results showed that addition of titanium by electrolysis is an effective way to refine the grain size of Zn-Al alloy. As the titanium content is 0.04 wt%, the grain size becomes to be a minimum value and the tensile property of the alloy reaches to the maximum. Electrolysis showed that titanium atoms are to be some inherent particles in low-titanium aluminum alloy. These titanium atoms enter into the aluminum melt liquid and spread to the whole melt rapidly under stirring action of electromagnetic field of the electric current. The heterogeneous phase nuclei are high melting TiC and TiAl3 particles formed from in-situ precipitating trace C and Ti during cooling process. These in-situ precipitating heterogeneous nucleation sites with small dimension, high dispersity, cleaning interface and fine soakage with melt, have better capacity of heterogeneous nucleation than of exotic particles. It may inhibit grain growth faster and more effective in pinning dislocations, grain boundaries or sub-boundaries.

Ground-based Remote Sensing of Cirrus Clouds

Cirrus ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Sassen ◽  
Gerald Mace
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Cirrus Cloud ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Cloud Modeling

Cirrus clouds have only recently been recognized as having a significant influence on weather and climate through their impact on the radiative energy budget of the atmosphere. In addition, the unique difficulties presented by the study of cirrus put them on the “back burner” of atmospheric research for much of the twentieth century. Foremost, because they inhabit the frigid upper troposphere, their inaccessibility has hampered intensive research. Other factors have included a lack of in situ instrumentation to effectively sample the clouds and environment, and basic uncertainties in the underlying physics of ice cloud formation, growth, and maintenance. Cloud systems that produced precipitation, severe weather, or hazards to aviation were deemed more worthy of research support until the mid- 1980s. Beginning at this time, however, major field research programs such as the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program) Regional Experiment (FIRE; Cox et al. 1987), International Cirrus Experiment (ICE; Raschke et al. 1990), Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study (ECLIPS; Platt et al. 1994), and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (Stokes and Schwartz 1994) have concentrated on cirrus cloud research, relying heavily on ground-based remote sensing observations combined with research aircraft. What has caused this change in research emphasis is an appreciation for the potentially significant role that cirrus play in maintaining the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system (Liou 1986). As climate change issues were treated more seriously, it was recognized that the effects, or feedbacks, of extensive high-level ice clouds in response to global warming could be pivotal. This fortunately came at a time when new generations of meteorological instrumentation were becoming available. Beginning in the early 1970s, major advancements were made in the fields of numerical cloud modeling and cloud measurements using aircraft probes, satellite multispectral imaging, and remote sensing with lidar, short-wavelength radar, and radiometers, all greatly facilitating cirrus research. Each of these experimental approaches have their advantages and drawbacks, and it should also be noted that a successful cloud modeling effort relies on field data for establishing boundary conditions and providing case studies for validation. Although the technologies created for in situ aircraft measurements can clearly provide unique knowledge of cirrus cloud thermodynamic and microphysical properties (Dowling and Radke 1990), available probes may suffer from limitations in their response to the wide range of cirrus particles and actually sample a rather small volume of cloud during any mission.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide, using the extract of Rosa canina fruit, and their use as recyclable and heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the degradation of dye pollutants in water

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
pp. 21020-21028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Hemmati ◽  
Lida Mehrazin ◽  
Hedieh Ghorban ◽  
Samir Hossein Garakani ◽  
Taha Hashemi Mobaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Dye Pollutants ◽  
Convenient Synthesis ◽  
Reduced Graphene

We suggests a convenient synthesis of in situ, ecofriendly and well-dispersed Pd nanoparticles with narrow and small dimension distributions on graphene oxide (GO) using Rosa canina extract as a reducing agent and as the only stabilizer.

In Situ Observations of Pre-Patterned Void Interactions Under Electromigration-Induced Stress

1996 ◽  
Vol 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankovic ◽  
Gary H. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Void Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Void Interaction

AbstractElectromigration (EM) void nucleation and growth is a failure mechanism of integrated circuit (IC) metallization. The time-to-failure of interconnect lines depends on the void nucleation time and the void growth time. The current understanding of the void growth stage is minimal, and characterization of the void growth stage is essential to further explain EM performance of IC metal interconnections. This work used high-resolution electron-beam lithography to define small dimension edge-voids into gold lines at various separation distances from each other, on the same side or opposite sides of the lines. The EM-induced interaction behavior of pre-defined voids was measured in a FESEM in-situ. Results showed that for small separation distances, void-void interaction enabled shape changes in the pre-patterned voids. For larger separation distance, void-void interactions could be characterized by secondary, induced void and hillock area measurements. As the separation distance increased, the void-void interaction diminished, and the voids acted independently of each other.

scholarly journals Design and applications of a neural networks assisted portable liquid surface tensiometer

Chemija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Drevinskas ◽  
Jūratė Balevičiūtė ◽  
Kristina Bimbiraitė-Survilienė ◽  
Gediminas Dūda ◽  
Mantas Stankevičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Retraction Force

In this paper, a portable instrument for surface tension measurements, characterization and applications is described. The instrumentation is operated wirelessly, and samples can be measured in situ. The instrument has changeable different size probes; therefore, it is possible to measure samples from 1 ml up to 10 ml. The response of the measured retraction force and the concentrations of measured surfactant is complex. Therefore, two calibration methods were proposed: (i) the conditional calibration using polynomial and logarithmic fitting and (ii) the neural network trained model prediction of the surfactant concentration in samples. Calibrating the instrument, the neural network trained model showed a superior coefficient of determination (0.999), comparing it to the conditional calibration using polynomial (0.992) and logarithmic (0.991) fit equations.

scholarly journals Carbon speciation in organic fossils using 2D to 3D x-ray Raman multispectral imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaaw5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Georgiou ◽  
Pierre Gueriau ◽  
Christoph J. Sahle ◽  
Sylvain Bernard ◽  
Alessandro Mirone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
3D Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plant Fossil ◽  
Homogeneous Chemical ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D To 3D

The in situ two-dimensional (2D) and 3D imaging of the chemical speciation of organic fossils is an unsolved problem in paleontology and cultural heritage. Here, we use x-ray Raman scattering (XRS)–based imaging at the carbon K-edge to form 2D and 3D images of the carbon chemistry in two exceptionally preserved specimens, a fossil plant dating back from the Carboniferous and an ancient insect entrapped in 53-million-year-old amber. The 2D XRS imaging of the plant fossil reveals a homogeneous chemical composition with micrometric “pockets” of preservation, likely inherited from its geological history. The 3D XRS imaging of the insect cuticle displays an exceptionally well preserved remaining chemical signature typical of polysaccharides such as chitin around a largely hollowed-out inclusion. Our results open up new perspectives for in situ chemical speciation imaging of fossilized organic materials, with the potential to enhance our understanding of organic specimens and their paleobiology.

Imaging Fourier transform endospectroscopy for in vivo and in situ multispectral imaging

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Gang Zheng ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Hongming Zhang ◽  
Ling Fu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Multispectral Imaging

scholarly journals A New Portable Instrument for Continuous Measurement of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Junkermann ◽  
J. M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fluorimetric Detection ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Field Campaigns

Abstract A new instrument for the in situ measurement of formaldehyde with online concentration output was built on the base of the Hantzsch chemistry fluorimetric detection of formaldehyde in liquid phase. The instrument was specially designed for applications in a fast-changing environment, for example, in airborne research. Individual instrument components were optimized to reduce size, weight, and power consumption and to improve response time. The small size, battery-operated system was shown to reach good performance, stable sensitivity, and detection limits of <100 ppt for temperatures between 0° and 35°C during aircraft flight missions in field campaigns in the Italian Po Valley. The instrument proved its performance with formaldehyde mixing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 25 ppb.

scholarly journals Multispectral Imaging and p-XRF for the Non-Invasive Characterization of the Anonymous Devotional Painting ‘Maria Santissima delle Grazie’ from Mirabella Imbáccari (Sicily, Italy)

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2320-2336
Author(s):  
Antonella Privitera ◽  
Maria Francesca Alberghina ◽  
Elèna Privitera ◽  
Salvatore Schiavone
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Madonna And Child

This work presents the results of the in situ, non-invasive diagnostic investigations performed on the canvas oil painting depicting Madonna and Child, venerated as ‘Maria Santissima delle Grazie’ by the local religious community. The work of art (72 cm × 175 cm) is located on the high altar of the main Church in Mirabella Imbáccari, near Catania (Sicily, Italy). The painter is anonymous, and the supposed dating is the late eighteenth century. Although the painting has never been studied before, it has been attributed to a Sicilian workshop in the literature, raising the doubts of the art historian who conducted this study and who hypothesized a Neapolitan manufacture. Furthermore, due to the good conservation state detected by a macroscopic examination, doubts also arose about dating. To shed light on these aspects, a technical-scientific examination proved necessary. Multispectral imaging techniques (IR Reflectography, UV-induced visible Fluorescence, X-ray) are carried out for the study of the execution technique, the identification of underlying remakes, sketch drawing and the evaluation of the conservation conditions. XRF spectrometry analysis is performed for the identification of the chemical elements constituting the pigments (inorganic chromophores). The diagnostic results allowed this research to confirm the dating suggested by the historical-stylistic knowledge and to highlight new technical peculiarities supporting the attribution to a Neapolitan workshop.

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