Zernike polymomials for rectangular area and applications in off-axis asphere testing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinjiang He ◽  
Xiaoying Zong ◽  
Ruimin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Rectangular Area

scholarly journals Methods for Preventing Visual Attacks in Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Data Discard and Dimensionality Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5235
Author(s):  
Nikita Andriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Reduced Dimensions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Noise Impulse ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of convolutional neural network inference in the task of image processing under the influence of visual attacks. Attacks of four different types were considered: simple, involving the addition of white Gaussian noise, impulse action on one pixel of an image, and attacks that change brightness values within a rectangular area. MNIST and Kaggle dogs vs. cats datasets were chosen. Recognition characteristics were obtained for the accuracy, depending on the number of images subjected to attacks and the types of attacks used in the training. The study was based on well-known convolutional neural network architectures used in pattern recognition tasks, such as VGG-16 and Inception_v3. The dependencies of the recognition accuracy on the parameters of visual attacks were obtained. Original methods were proposed to prevent visual attacks. Such methods are based on the selection of “incomprehensible” classes for the recognizer, and their subsequent correction based on neural network inference with reduced image sizes. As a result of applying these methods, gains in the accuracy metric by a factor of 1.3 were obtained after iteration by discarding incomprehensible images, and reducing the amount of uncertainty by 4–5% after iteration by applying the integration of the results of image analyses in reduced dimensions.

scholarly journals Accidental Cutaneous Burns Secondary to Salbutamol Metered Dose Inhaler

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kale ◽  
Fiona Shackley
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chemical Burn ◽  
Metered Dose Inhaler ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Rectangular Area

We report a case of accidental cutaneous burns caused by salbutamol metered dose inhaler. A 9-year-old boy underwent dental extraction at a children's hospital and was incidentally noted to have burn injuries on dorsum of both hands. On questioning, the boy revealed that a few days ago his 14-year-old brother, who is an asthmatic, playfully sprayed his salbutamol metered dose inhaler on the back of both his hands with the inhaler's mouth piece being in direct contact with the patient's skin. On examination, there was a rectangular area of erythema with superficial peeling on the dorsum of both hands, the dimensions of which exactly matched those of the inhaler's mouthpiece. It is possible that the injury could have been a chemical burn from the pharmaceutical/preservative/propellant aerosol or due to the physical effect of severe cooling of the skin or mechanical abrasive effect of the aerosol blasts or a combination of some or all the above mechanisms. This case highlights the importance of informing children and parents of the potentially hazardous consequences of misusing a metered dose inhaler.

scholarly journals Producing uniform illumination within a rectangular area by using a nonimaging optic

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (31) ◽  
pp. 9357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Babadi ◽  
Roberto Ramirez-Inguiez ◽  
Tuleen Boutaleb ◽  
Tapas Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Rectangular Area

Lissajous curves do not fill a rectangular area

1996 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-500
Author(s):  
José María Díaz de la Cruz Cano ◽  
Juan José Scala Estalella
Keyword(s):  
Rectangular Area

scholarly journals Non-destructive analysis of drug content in polymer coatings with Raman spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
Thomas Reske ◽  
Katharina Wulf ◽  
Thomas Eickner ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
Klaus-Peter Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Special Sample Preparation ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractThe analysis of device drug content typically is carried out by means of chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). These approved methods are particularly fast, cost-efficient and ubiquitous in chemical-analytical laboratories. However, these quantitative methods necessitate the drug being eluted, which represents a destructive process. A novel alternative to these well-established methods [1, 2] is the Raman spectroscopy, which is fast and cost-efficient, as well [3]. Additionally, it offers the advantage of nondestructive analysis without the need for a special sample preparation. Within the current investigation we applied Raman spectroscopy for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dexamethasone (DMS), a glucocorticoid, incorporated in a silicone matrix. The investigation was conducted in a rectangular area on the sample surface. The required number of measuring points (spectra) was determined. Calibration was performed with samples containing different amounts of DMS. The evaluation of Raman spectra is based on the analysis of the peak areas of the bands at 795 rel. cm-1(silicone) and 1,663 rel. cm-1(DMS). Remarkably, next to a precise overview of DMS distribution, an exact and reproducible quantification of incorporated DMS could be obtained.

Cheap and accessible method to aid individual photo-identification of grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Beaumont ◽  
John C. Goold
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Accessible Method ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Fixed Reference

A method was developed to assist in the photo-identification of individual grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Fixed reference points of the eye and ear were used to define a rectangular area of pelage on the seal's head, termed the identifier patch (IP). Extracted IPs were converted to binary masks, and the percentage of black pixelation within each mask was evaluated. Multiple images of the same head profile gave masks with similar patterns and percentage of black pixelation (mean standard deviation 3.3% (±1.6%)). The low level of ‘within seal’ variability enabled ‘between seal’ images to be separated on the basis of percentage of black pixelation. Subsequent matching was achieved by eye using the mask pattern to complete the identification process. Successful matching of seal images, collected two years and nine months apart, at a North Wales field site was accomplished using this method. Pattern-matching trials using 88 untrained volunteers showed the extracted black and white mask to be a superior visual cue for separating individual seals compared to straightforward inspection of photographs. All volunteers identified a greater number of correct matches using the mask-matching method. This method shows promise in providing a cheap and accessible system to order and search image databases.

Stresses in Spherical Shells Due to Local Loadings Over a Rectangular Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Radial Load ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Overturning Moment ◽  
Moment Load

Analytical solutions for displacements, membrane stresses, and bending stresses in spherical shells due to local loadings over a rectangular area were developed. The three types of loading considered are radial load, overturning moment load, and tangential shear load.

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