Hydrogen generation by the reaction of oxide-modified aluminum powders with tap water

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Wang ◽  
Hsing-Wei Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aluminum Powders

A novel aluminum/bismuth subcarbonate/salt composite for hydrogen generation from tap water

2019 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 151733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Binxu Lan ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Xu Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water

Water Splitting by Aluminum Powder Obtained From Foil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Kumar Narayana Swamy ◽  
Evgeny Shafirovich
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Middle Stage

The reaction of aluminum with water has the potential for on demand hydrogen generation. Conventional aluminum powders, however, react with water slowly due to a highly protective oxide layer on the particle surface. The present paper investigates the preparation of an activated aluminum powder from aluminum foil that is widely available as scrap and waste. The obtained results demonstrate that a highly reactive, fine aluminum powder can be obtained from aluminum foil by high-energy ball milling with sodium chloride. The obtained powder readily reacts with hot water, releasing hydrogen. The process includes the induction period, the middle stage where the reaction rate is the highest, and the final (saturation) stage. The effective activation energy of the reaction rate at the middle stage is in a good agreement with the literature data for Al-H2O reaction.

Hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of activated aluminum composites in tap water

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Yanpei Guo ◽  
Jianmin Li ◽  
Rongjie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aluminum Composites ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrogen as a Fuel Supplement in a CNG Operated Vehicle Using a Simple Onboard Hydrogen Generation System

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Asad ◽  
Mohammad A. Wattoo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Small Current ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Natural gas operated gasoline engines achieve superior fuel economy on the expense of reduced engine power and increased emissions. One method of offsetting these disadvantages is by the addition of hydrogen gas up to 20% by volume to compressed natural gas (CNG) using the existing natural gas conversion systems. This offers major benefits in fuel economy, light load performance and lower emissions. The effect of supplementing CNG with hydrogen is studied along with the design of a simple hydrogen generation system for a 1.3 L bi-fuel engine. The Suzuki 1.3 L G13BA (SOHC) gasoline engine fitted with the Landi Renzo CNG pressure regulator, Type TN1 (Standard) has been used for experimentation. The system uses a small current for electrolysis of ordinary tap water for production of hydrogen. The light load performance is significantly enhanced and carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions are reduced. Constraints on system design have been duly accounted for and the complete system is placed under the hood of the vehicle.

Activated aluminum for hydrogen generation from water

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
F. Manilevich ◽  
◽  
Yu. Pirskyy ◽  
A. Kutsyi ◽  
V. Berezovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Pellet Surface ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Activating Additives ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Standard Electrode Potentials ◽  
Reaction With Water

Al-based alloys and mechanochemically activated aluminum powders were prepared in this study, and the regularities of their hydrolysis reaction with water were studied. Aluminum alloys were prepared by melting aluminum with additions of Ga–In–Sn eutectic (5 wt.%), bismuth (3 wt.%), antimony (3 wt.%), or zinc (3 wt.%). The temperature-dependent kinetics of their hydrolysis in a temperature range 25–70 °C was studied by using a volumetric technique. The most efficient activation of the hydrolysis process was achieved for the Al–Ga– In–Sn-Zn alloy, particularly at low temperatures (5 and 25° C). The addition of bismuth to the Al–Ga–In–Sn alloy significantly decreases the hydrolysis rate, whereas the addition of antimony has only a weak effect on the process, despite the fact that the standard electrode potentials of bismuth and antimony have rather close values. Commercially available aluminum PA-4 and ASD-1 powders were mechanochemically activated by Ga–In–Sn or Ga–In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloys (5 wt.%) and graphite (1–3 wt.%) in a mixer type ball mill. Subsequently, they were pressed (P = 4 MPa) into the pellets, which were used to generate hydrogen from water via the hydrolysis process. X-ray diffraction study of the milled PA-4 powder revealed the presence of four phases, including aluminum, graphite, and two In–Sn intermetallic compounds (In3Sn and In1–xSnx, were x ≈ 0.04). The quantitative analysis by EDX showed a uniform distribution of the activating additives over the pellet surface, while the graphite was partly aggregated. Studies on the hydrolysis kinetics when utilizing Al-based pellets demonstrated that the process readily proceeds at temperatures ≥ 5° C. At the same time, the efficiency of hydrogen generation depends on the amount of the added graphite, particle size of aluminum powders, duration and medium of their mechanochemical treatment, and the hydrolysis temperature.

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from the Reaction of Aluminum Powders and Water Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (15-17) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samikannu Prabu ◽  
Shih-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Jing-Syuan Lin ◽  
Hong-Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Aluminum Powders

scholarly journals A membrane-free flow electrolyzer operating at high current density using earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yan ◽  
Jasper Biemolt ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Low Efficiency

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the most sustainable approaches for generating hydrogen. Because of the inherent constraints associated with the architecture and materials, the conventional alkaline water electrolyzer and the emerging proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are suffering from low efficiency and high materials/operation costs, respectively. Herein, we design a membrane-free flow electrolyzer, featuring a sandwich-like architecture and a cyclic operation mode, for decoupled overall water splitting. Comprised of two physically-separated compartments with flowing H2-rich catholyte and O2-rich anolyte, the cell delivers H2 with a purity >99.1%. Its low internal ohmic resistance, highly active yet affordable bifunctional catalysts and efficient mass transport enable the water splitting at current density of 750 mA cm−2 biased at 2.1 V. The eletrolyzer works equally well both in deionized water and in regular tap water. This work demonstrates the opportunity of combining the advantages of different electrolyzer concepts for water splitting via cell architecture and materials design, opening pathways for sustainable hydrogen generation.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

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