Optical fiber chemical sensors with sol-gel derived nanomaterials for monitoring high temperature/high pressure reactions in clean energy technologies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiquan Tao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

Sol-gel derived porous silica as a constituent material for designing optical fiber chemical sensors

2004 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiquan Tao ◽  
Joseph C. Fanguy ◽  
Lina Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Constituent Material

AbstractSol-gel processes were developed to prepare nano porous silica materials. The obtained porous sol-gel silica (PSGS) materials have been used as constituent materials in designing optical fiber chemical sensors. A PSGS membrane coated on the surface of an optical fiber was used as a transducer for sensing humidity level in air. A PSGS membrane doped with an ammonia indicator dye has been coated on an optical fiber to sense ammonia in air. Both of the coating based sensors are reversible and fast response. In the tested range, relative humidity (RH) in air down to 3% can be detected with the PSGS coated fiber optic sensor. The fiber optic ammonia sensor with ammonia indicator doped PSGS coating can be used to sense ammonia in air down to sub-ppm level. PSGS has also been used as a constituent material in preparing porous silica optical fibers. The obtained porous optical fibers have been used to design optical fiber chemical sensors for sensing humidity, ammonia and volatile organic compounds. A CuCl2 doped PSGS fiber has been tested for sensing ammonia in a high temperature gas sample. Ammonia in the high temperature air gas diffuses into the PSGS fiber, reversibly reacts with CuCl2 doped in the PSGS fiber to form a complex. The formed complex was detected with fiber optic spectrometric method. This sensor can detect ammonia in a high temperature (450 °C) air gas stream down 0.3 ppm. Techniques of preparing PSGS, coating PSGS on an optical fiber, making a porous optical fiber with PSGS as a constituent material will be presented. Examples of optical fiber sensors using PSGS coatings and a PSGS fiber as transducers for gas sensing are presented.

Homogeneous carbon doping of magnesium diboride by high-temperature, high-pressure synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (16) ◽  
pp. 162603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Susner ◽  
S. D. Bohnenstiehl ◽  
S. A. Dregia ◽  
M. D. Sumption ◽  
Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Diboride ◽  
Carbon Doping ◽  
High Pressure Synthesis ◽  
Pressure Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

High temperature-high pressure synthesis of a new phase of LaCuO3

1989 ◽  
Vol 137 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 205-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Webb ◽  
E.F. Skelton ◽  
S.B. Qadri ◽  
E.R. Carpenter ◽  
M.S. Osofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Pressure Synthesis ◽  
Pressure Synthesis ◽  
New Phase ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

scholarly journals Sealed rotors for in situ high temperature high pressure MAS NMR

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (70) ◽  
pp. 13458-13461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhi Hu ◽  
Mary Y. Hu ◽  
Zhenchao Zhao ◽  
Suochang Xu ◽  
Aleksei Vjunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mas Nmr ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

Perfectly sealed rotors were designed for the widespread application of in situ MAS NMR in catalysis, material synthesis, metabolomics, and more.

The Feasibility for Potassium-Based Phosphate Brines To Serve as High-Density Solid-Free Well-Completion Fluids in High-Temperature/High-Pressure Formations

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 2033-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Jia ◽  
Yao–Xi Hu ◽  
Shan–Jie Zhao ◽  
Jin–Zhou Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
High Density ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Completion Fluids ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure

Summary Many oil and gas resources in deep–sea environments worldwide are often located in high–temperature/high–pressure (HT/HP) and low–permeability reservoirs. The reservoir–pressure coefficient usually exceeds 1.6, with formation temperature greater than 180°C. Challenges are faced for well drilling and completion in these HT/HP reservoirs. A solid–free well–completion fluid with safety density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and excellent thermal endurance is strongly needed in the industry. Because of high cost and/or corrosion and toxicity problems, the application of available solid–free well–completion fluids such as cesium formate brines, bromine brines, and zinc brines is limited in some cases. In this paper, novel potassium–based phosphate well–completion fluids were developed. Results show that the fluid can reach the maximum density of 1.815 g/cm3 at room temperature, which makes a breakthrough on the density limit of normal potassium–based phosphate brine. The corrosion rate of N80 steel after the interaction with the target phosphate brine at a high temperature of 180°C is approximately 0.1853 mm/a, and the regained–permeability recovery of the treated sand core can reach up to 86.51%. Scanning–electron–microscope (SEM) pictures also support the corrosion–evaluation results. The phosphate brine shows favorable compatibility with the formation water. The biological toxicity–determination result reveals that it is only slightly toxic and is environmentally acceptable. In addition, phosphate brine is highly effective in inhibiting the performance of clay minerals. The cost of phosphate brine is approximately 44 to 66% less than that of conventional cesium formate, bromine brine, and zinc brine. This study suggests that the phosphate brine can serve as an alternative high–density solid–free well–completion fluid during well drilling and completion in HT/HP reservoirs.

High‐temperature, high‐pressure optical cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 993-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Holland ◽  
Ronald P. Harris ◽  
Robbie Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature High Pressure
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