Role of interface roughness on lateral transport in InGaN/GaN LEDs: diffusion length, dislocation spacing, and radiative efficiency

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Lin Lu ◽  
Yuh-Renn Wu ◽  
John M. Hinckley ◽  
Jasprit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
Dislocation Spacing

scholarly journals Self-consistent determination of spin Hall angle and spin diffusion length in Pt and Pd: The role of the interface spin loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. eaat1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinde Tao ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bingfeng Miao ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
Zheng Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Hall Angle ◽  
Spin Diffusion Length

The response of the ozone layer under abrupt 4xCO2 in CMIP6

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chiodo ◽  
William T. Ball ◽  
Peer Nowack ◽  
Clara Orbe ◽  
James Keeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
Tropospheric Circulation ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Previous studies indicate a possible role of stratospheric ozone chemistry feedbacks in the climate response to 4xCO2, either via a reduction in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) or via changes in the tropospheric circulation (Nowack et al., 2015; Chiodo and Polvani, 2017). However, these effects are subject to uncertainty. Part of the uncertainty may stem from the dependency of the feedback on the pattern of the ozone response, as the radiative efficiency of ozone largely depends on its vertical distribution (Lacis et al., 1990). Here, an analysis is presented of the ozone layer response to 4xCO2 in chemistry–climate models (CCMs) which participated to CMIP inter-comparisons. In a previous study using CMIP5 models, it has been shown that under 4xCO2, ozone decreases in the tropical lower stratosphere, and increases over the high latitudes and throughout the upper stratosphere (Chiodo et al., 2018). It was also found that a substantial portion of the spread in the tropical column ozone is tied to inter-model spread in tropical upwelling, which is in turn tied to ECS. Here, we revisit this connection using 4xCO2 data from CMIP6, thereby exploiting the larger number of CCMs available than in CMIP5. In addition, we explore the linearity of the ozone response, by complementing the analysis with simulations using lower CO2 forcing levels (2xCO2). We show that the pattern of the ozone response is similar to CMIP5. In some models (e.g. WACCM), we find larger ozone responses in CMIP6 than in CMIP5, partly because of the larger ECS and thus larger upwelling response in the tropical pipe. In this presentation, we will discuss the relationship between radiative forcing, transport and ozone, as well as further implications for CMIP6 models.</p>

scholarly journals Biogeochemical controls of surface ocean phosphate

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax0341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Martiny ◽  
Michael W. Lomas ◽  
Weiwei Fu ◽  
Philip W. Boyd ◽  
Yuh-ling L. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Earth System Models ◽  
Incomplete Picture

Surface ocean phosphate is commonly below the standard analytical detection limits, leading to an incomplete picture of the global variation and biogeochemical role of phosphate. A global compilation of phosphate measured using high-sensitivity methods revealed several previously unrecognized low-phosphate areas and clear regional differences. Both observational climatologies and Earth system models (ESMs) systematically overestimated surface phosphate. Furthermore, ESMs misrepresented the relationships between phosphate, phytoplankton biomass, and primary productivity. Atmospheric iron input and nitrogen fixation are known important controls on surface phosphate, but model simulations showed that differences in the iron-to-macronutrient ratio in the vertical nutrient supply and surface lateral transport are additional drivers of phosphate concentrations. Our study demonstrates the importance of accurately quantifying nutrients for understanding the regulation of ocean ecosystems and biogeochemistry now and under future climate conditions.

Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial Thin Heterostructures of Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic SrRuO3/Sr2YRuO6

1999 ◽  
Vol 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Price ◽  
M.K. Lee ◽  
C.B. Eom ◽  
X.W. Wu ◽  
M.S. Rzchowski
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Exchange Bias ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Epitaxial Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnetic Exchange ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Perovskite Crystal

AbstractWe have grown epitaxial thin films of antiferromagnetic ruthenate Sr2YRuO6 on miscut (001) SrTiO3 by 90° off-axis sputtering. Sr2YRuO6 is a unique material that allows us to grow epitaxial ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic heterostructures. Antiferromagnetic Sr2YRuO6 has the same pseudo-cubic perovskite crystal structure as the ferromagnetic conductive oxide SrRuO3. The Sr2YRuO6 perovskite crystal structure has Y and pentavalent Ru located on the octahedral sites and the pseudo-cubic lattice parameter of 4.08Å. The Neel temperature of bulk Sr2YRuO6 is known to be 26K. Four-circle X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the Sr2YRuO6 films are purely (110) normal to the substrate with two 90° domains in the plane. We have also grown epitaxial heterostructures of SrRuO3/Sr2YRuO6. These bilayers permit detailed studies of the magnetic exchange bias phenomena at these interfaces, including the role of uncompensated spins thought to arise from interface roughness. Magnetization measurements on the SrRuO3/Sr2YRuO6 heterostructures show a shifting of the hysteresis loop, indicating exchange bias. Such exchange-biased interfaces are important for electrode pinning in magnetic tunnel junctions.

scholarly journals Role of Ponceau-S-Mannitol System for Generation of Electrical Energy in Photogalvanic Cell

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chandra ◽  
R. C. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ponceau S ◽  
Photo Sensitizer ◽  
Photogalvanic Cell ◽  
Electrical Output

Ponceau-S is used as a photo sensitizer in photogalvanic cell for solar energyconversion and mannitol is used as an electron donor in this study. The effects of variousparameters like pH, light intensity, diffusion length, reductant concentration and dyeconcentration on the electrical output of the cell is studied. The photopotential andphotocurrent generated by this cell are 1080 mV and 240 μA, respectively. The currentvoltage (i-V) characteristic of the cell is also studied and a mechanism for the generation ofphotocurrent is proposed.Keywords: Photogalvanic cel; Photopotentia; Ponceau-S; Mannito; PhotocurrentDOI: 10.3126/jncs.v26i0.3631Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 26, 2010Page: 46-52

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