Comparison between energy balance and mass balance models for actual evapotranspiration assessment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gentile ◽  
L. Pierce ◽  
G. Ciraolo ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
G. La Loggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Mass Balance Models

scholarly journals Modelling albedo and specific balance of the Greenland ice sheet: calculations for the Søndre Strømfjord transect

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (141) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zuo ◽  
J. Oerlemans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Balance Models ◽  
Wide Zone

AbstractGlacio-meteorological data obtained during the Greenland Ice Margin Experiment (GIMEX) investigations in West Greenland (the Søndre Strømfjord transect) have been used to test and calibrate energy-balance/mass-balance models for the ice/snow surface. The region is characterised by the development of a wide zone of low surface albedo in the course of the melting season. This zone was simulated in one of the energy-balance models by including the effect of surficial meltwater on albedo. Observed mass-balance and albedo data were used to constrain the models. Although all the models are capable of predicting the transect balance reasonably well, only the model with the meltwater albedo coupling, is able to reproduce the observed albedo pattern and mass-balance profile along the transect. By including the feedback between surficial meltwater and albedo in the model, the sensitivity of the specific balance to changes in air temperature is found to be greatest just below the equilibrium line (in contrast to what is generally found for valley glaciers). A 1 K warming of the air temperature would increase the mean ablation along the transect by 0.5 m w.e.year −1.

scholarly journals Modelling albedo and specific balance of the Greenland ice sheet: calculations for the Søndre Strømfjord transect

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (141) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zuo ◽  
J. Oerlemans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Balance Models ◽  
Wide Zone

AbstractGlacio-meteorological data obtained during the Greenland Ice Margin Experiment (GIMEX) investigations in West Greenland (the Søndre Strømfjord transect) have been used to test and calibrate energy-balance/mass-balance models for the ice/snow surface. The region is characterised by the development of a wide zone of low surface albedo in the course of the melting season. This zone was simulated in one of the energy-balance models by including the effect of surficial meltwater on albedo. Observed mass-balance and albedo data were used to constrain the models. Although all the models are capable of predicting the transect balance reasonably well, only the model with the meltwater albedo coupling, is able to reproduce the observed albedo pattern and mass-balance profile along the transect. By including the feedback between surficial meltwater and albedo in the model, the sensitivity of the specific balance to changes in air temperature is found to be greatest just below the equilibrium line (in contrast to what is generally found for valley glaciers). A 1 K warming of the air temperature would increase the mean ablation along the transect by 0.5 m w.e.year−1.

Innovative energy and mass balance of a continuous evaporating crystallizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 646-654
Author(s):  
Jan Iciek ◽  
Kornel Hulak ◽  
Radosław Gruska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Heat Released ◽  
Mass And Energy Balances

The article presents the mass and energy balances of the sucrose crystallization process in a continuous evaporating crystallizer. The developed algorithm allows to assess the working conditions of the continuous evaporating crystallizers and the technological and energy parameters. The energy balance algorithm takes into account the heat released during the crystallization of sucrose, which was analyzed in this study, heat losses to the environment and heat losses due the vapor used for inert gas removal.

Investigating Fast- and Slow-settling Phosphorus Fractions in Lakes using Steady-state Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Khorasani ◽  
Zhenduo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Retention Models ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Fast Settling ◽  
P Retention

<p>Phosphorus (P) is the key and limiting nutrient in the eutrophication of freshwater resources. Modeling P retention in lakes using steady-state mass balance models (i.e. Vollenweider-type models) provides insights into the lake P management and a simple method for large-scale assessments of P in lakes. One of the basic problems in the mass balance modeling of P in lakes is the removal of P from the lake water column by settling. A fraction of the incoming P into the lake from the watershed is associated with fast-settling particles (e.g. sediment particles) that result in the removal of that fraction of P quickly at the lake entrance. However, existing models considering a constant fraction of fast-settling TP for all lakes are shown to result in overestimation of the retention of P in lakes with short hydraulic residence time. In this study, we combine a hypothesis of the fast- and slow-settling P fractions into the steady-state mass balance models of P retention in lakes. We use a large database of lakes to calibrate the model and evaluate the hypothesis. The results of this work can be used for the improvement of the prediction power of P retention models in lakes and help to better understand the processes of P cycling in lakes.</p>

scholarly journals Ivory Glacier, New Zealand, an I.H.D. Representative Basin Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (82) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Anderton ◽  
T.J. Chinn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Climatic Characteristics ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractMass, water, and energy balances were measured lit the Ivory Glacier, South Island, New Zealand from 1969 to 1975 as part of an I.H.D. programme of representative basin studies. Ivory Glacier is a small cirque glacier within the high-precipitation maritime environment of Westland and was chosen initially for convenience of study rather than representativeness. Mass-balance investigations included a detailed study of the sampling efficiency of a pole network. Annual mass balance was consistently negative during the study period. The run-off pattern was dominated by rain. The estimated annual mean precipitation is 9630 mm for 1971-75. Snow represents about 25% of annual precipitation. Melt contributed 21% of run-off including 9% contributed by melt of perennial snow and ice. The relative contributions of different fluxes to the energy balance during summer are: net radiation 52%, sensible heat 29%, and latent heat 17%. Heat content of precipitation contributes significantly to the energy balance during individual rain-storms and is probably significant during periods of high precipitation in spring and autumn. Climatic characteristics and behaviour of Ivory Glacier appear to follow regional trends in the Southern Alps and the glacier is considered to be reasonably representative.

Impact of the choice of surface mass balance models and their calibration on large-scale glacier change projections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Schuster ◽  
David Rounce ◽  
Fabien Maussion
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Glacier Change ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Intercomparison Study

<p>A recent large model intercomparison study (GlacierMIP) showed that differences between the glacier models is a dominant source of uncertainty for future glacier change projections, in particular in the first half of the century.  Each glacier model has their own unique set of process representations and climate forcing methodology, which makes it impossible to determine the model components that contribute most to the projection uncertainty. This study aims to improve our understanding of the sources of large scale glacier model uncertainty using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), focussing on the surface mass balance (SMB) in a first step. We calibrate and run a set of interchangeable SMB model parameterizations (e.g. monthly vs. daily, constant vs. variable lapse rates, albedo, snowpack evolution and refreezing) under controlled boundary conditions. Based on ensemble approaches, we explore the influence of (i) the parameter calibration strategy and (ii) SMB model complexity on regional to global glacier change. These uncertainties are then put in relation to a qualitative selection of other model design choices, such as the forcing climate dataset and ice dynamics model parameters. </p>

Computational Techniques Application in Environmental Exposure Assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 471-505
Author(s):  
Karolina Jagiello ◽  
Tomasz Puzyn
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Mass Balance Models ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Environmental Exposure Assessment ◽  
Input Variables

In this chapter, the application of computational techniques in environmental exposure assessment was described. The most important groups of these techniques are Multimedia Mass-balance (MM) modelling and Quantitative Structure-Activity/Structure-Property Relationships (QSAR/QSPR) modelling. Multimedia Mass-balance models have been widely utilized for studying Long-Range Transport Potential (LRTP) and overall persistence (POV) of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), regulated by many national and international acts, including the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Recently, a novel modelling methodology that links QSPR and MM has been implemented. According to this approach, the physical/chemical properties required as the input variables for multimedia modelling can be calculated directly from appropriate QSPR models. QSPR models must be previously developed based on the relationships between the chemical structure and the modelled properties (QSPR).

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