An improvement algorithm to reduce side lobe level in ultrasound phased array applicators which used in treatment tumor in human model

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhar B. Taiel ◽  
Nour H. Ismail ◽  
Ashraf T. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Improvement Algorithm

scholarly journals A Design Approach of Optical Phased Array with Low Side Lobe Level and Wide Angle Steering Range

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Xinyu He ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Jingwen He ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Optical Antennas ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Spacing Distribution ◽  
Optical Phased Array

In this paper, a new design approach of optical phased array (OPA) with low side lobe level (SLL) and wide angle steering range is proposed. This approach consists of two steps. Firstly, a nonuniform antenna array is designed by optimizing the antenna spacing distribution with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Secondly, on the basis of the optimized antenna spacing distribution, PSO is further used to optimize the phase distribution of the optical antennas when the beam steers for realizing lower SLL. Based on the approach we mentioned, we design a nonuniform OPA which has 1024 optical antennas to achieve the steering range of ±60°. When the beam steering angle is 0°, 20°, 30°, 45° and 60°, the SLL obtained by optimizing phase distribution is −21.35, −18.79, −17.91, −18.46 and −18.51 dB, respectively. This kind of OPA with low SLL and wide angle steering range has broad application prospects in laser communication and lidar system.

scholarly journals Calculating the Effect of Ribs on the Focus Quality of a Therapeutic Spherical Random Phased Array

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Robert Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

The overlaying rib cage is a major hindrance in treating liver tumors with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The problems caused are overheating of the ribs due to its high ultrasonic absorption capability and degradation of the ultrasound intensity distribution in the target plane. In this work, a correction method based on binarized apodization and geometric ray tracing approach was employed to avoid heating the ribs. A detailed calculation of the intensity distribution in the focus plane was undertaken to quantify and avoid the effect on HIFU beam generated by a 1-MHz 256-element random phased array after the ultrasonic beam passes through the rib cage. Focusing through the ribs was simulated for 18 different idealized ribs-array configurations and 10 anatomically correct ribs-array configurations, to show the effect of width of the ribs, intercostal spacing and the relative position of ribs and array on the quality of focus, and to identify the positions that are more effective for HIFU applications in the presence of ribs. Acoustic simulations showed that for a single focus without beam steering and for the same total acoustic power, the peak intensity at the target varies from a minimum of 211 W/cm2 to a maximum of 293 W/cm2 for a nominal acoustic input power of 15 W, whereas the side lobe level varies from 0.07 Ipeak to 0.28 Ipeak and the separation between the main lobe and side lobes varies from 2.5 mm to 6.3 mm, depending on the relative positioning of the array and ribs and the beam alignment. An increase in the side lobe level was observed by increasing the distance between the array and the ribs. The parameters of focus splitting and the deterioration of focus quality caused by the ultrasonic propagation through the ribs were quantified in various possible different clinical scenarios. In addition to idealized rib topology, anatomical realistic ribs were used to determine the focus quality of the HIFU beam when the beam is steered both in axial and transverse directions and when the transducer is positioned at different depths from the rib cage.

Side-lobe Level Reduction in Two-dimensional Optical Phased Array Antennas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián L. Pita ◽  
Ivan Aldaya ◽  
Octávio J. S. Santana ◽  
Luís E. E. de Araujo ◽  
Paulo Dainese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Optical Phased Array ◽  
Level Reduction

Side-lobe Level Reduction of an Optical Phased Array Using Amplitude and Phase Modulation of Array Elements Based on Optically Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers

Photonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anh Hang Nguyen ◽  
Jun-Hyung Cho ◽  
Ho-Jun Bae ◽  
Hyuk-Kee Sung
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Amplitude Profile ◽  
Optical Phased Array

The side-lobe level (SLL) in optical phased array (OPA) systems should be reduced to ensure their high performance. We investigate theoretically the performance of an OPA based on optically injection-locked (OIL) semiconductor lasers. The phase and amplitude of the OIL laser are modulated by controlling the injection-locking parameters to reduce the SLL as well as to achieve beam steering. We successfully achieved an SLL reduction of >16 dB when compared with the uniform amplitude profile based on the application of the Taylor window function profile to the injection-locked OPA elements. The reduced SLL and high power efficiency achieved in this study can expedite the use of OPA in real field applications, such as free-space communication, imaging, and light detection and ranging (LIDAR).

scholarly journals Probe Standoff Optimization Method for Phased Array Ultrasonic TFM Imaging of Curved Parts

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Jorge Franklin Mansur Rodrigues Filho ◽  
Pierre Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Ultrasonic Phased Array ◽  
Internal Side ◽  
Array Performance

The reliability of the ultrasonic phased array total focusing method (TFM) imaging of parts with curved geometries depends on many factors, one being the probe standoff. Strong artifacts and resolution loss are introduced by some surface profile and standoff combinations, making it impossible to identify defects. This paper, therefore, introduces a probe standoff optimization method (PSOM) to mitigate such effects. Based on a point spread function analysis, the PSOM algorithm finds the standoff with the lowest main lobe width and side lobe level values. Validation experiments were conducted and the TFM imaging performance compared with the PSOM predictions. The experiments consisted of the inspection of concave and convex parts with amplitudes of 0, 5 and 15 λAl, at 12 standoffs varying from 20 to 130 mm. Three internal side-drilled holes at different depths were used as targets. To investigate how the optimal probe standoff improves the TFM, two metrics were used: the signal-to-artifact ratio (SAR) and the array performance indicator (API). The PSF characteristics predicted by the PSOM agreed with the quality of TFM images. A considerable TFM improvement was demonstrated at the optimal standoff calculated by the PSOM. The API of a convex specimen’s TFM was minimized, and the SAR gained up to 13 dB, while the image of a concave specimen gained up to 33 dB in SAR.

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